tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18898659348464406262024-03-19T02:08:09.080-07:00OUTLOOKSreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.comBlogger131125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-50653064597053902182016-01-12T01:53:00.002-08:002016-01-12T10:05:42.599-08:00The Awesome Anime Title songs we all LOVE!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hi guys we all love anime although there are lot of actions packed inside the episodes the thing that puts all of them in a nutshell and catches our interest is the title songs ,its what gives the first impression about the anime here are some of the title songs i thought were best ,some are my favorite i hope you all like it<br />
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#10 <i><u>ONE PIECE</u></i></h2>
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One Piece one of the long running anime ,with an amazing story line and charachter build ups it has one of the best title song although you guys must have heard it in japanese its sounds better in english </div>
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#9 <i><u>CODE GEAS</u></i></h2>
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This action anime has awesome actions scenes with good theme song to support it</div>
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#<i>8 <u>FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST BROTHERHOOD</u></i></h2>
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This science anime has an amazing theme song</div>
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#7 <i><u>COWBOY BEBOP</u></i></h2>
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This title song "TANK" is an infamous song its sounds just like JAMES BOND THEME MUSIC IN ANIME VERSION</div>
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#6 <i><u>NARUTO SHIPPUDEN </u></i></h2>
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Naruto Shippuden one of my favorites and a long running anime the title song is so amazing that you will not stop after hearing it once</div>
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<i><u>#5DEATH NOTE</u></i></h2>
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Death Note title song has a DARK felling to it it sure changes our moods after watching it its like brings out our deep Blood lust ,but it sure is good </div>
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<i><u>#4 HUNTER X HUNTER 2011</u></i></h2>
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I love this anime and its title sound its super cool and the character build up is also amazing .This anime has a single title song with an AMAZING VISUALS to support it in each season </div>
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<i><u>#3 BEY BLADE </u></i></h2>
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This anime was one of the best animes from our child hood and the title song its still favorites of so many of us its so amazing</div>
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<i><u>#2 DRAGON BALLS Z</u></i></h2>
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THE FAVORITE ANIME OF ALMOST EVERYONE DBZ we all love this anime series it has lot of actions and amazing story line another reason we all love this is because of the title song its one of the best </div>
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here it is the infamous "ROCK THE DRAGON "</div>
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<i><u>#1 POKEMON</u></i></h2>
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There may not be a single anime fan who dosnt know about this series ,it was so famous throughout the world ,and especially its title song is best there is although it has many seasons with awesome songs to support the first song is the best, when we hear it gives us kind of motivation it is my all time favorite </div>
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HERE is also the title songs POKEMON -all seasons with lyrics</div>
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HEY GUYS I HOPE YOU ALL ENJOYED IT ,THE ABOVE ARE THE LIST I THOUGHT WAS GOOD IF YOU HAVE ANY BETTER TITLE SONG SUGGESTIONS LEAVE IT IN COMMENTS ,,</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-9245174003620685672016-01-10T22:29:00.001-08:002016-01-13T06:13:47.249-08:00This is a method to get free gift cards from just downloading apps try it and have fun<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
HEY GUYS THIS IS A METHOD TO GET GEMS WITHOUT SPENDING MONEY ,,,ITS NOT FAKE ,,,DO THIS ITS SIMPLE AND EASY Install Applications Whaff Reward through Playstore or Search directly in playstore with keywords whaff After installed open the whaff of his application. Once open, please log in first with your Facebook. -Once you Log facebook whiff will ask Invite Code. Enter the following code CR76819 to receive a bonus of .3 $ . Amazing. - Open whaff and save some credits after you get enough credits & request for gift card. You will get a gift card code. Then add this code in your google playstore. Then open coc & buy your desire gems. - you can also get money by referring the apps there Happy Clashing IT WOUDNT HURT TO TRY IT OUT ,,I HAVE TRIED MANY APPS LIKE THIS BUT THIS IS GOOD :) HAPPY CLASHING </div>
Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-55965672976527387372014-10-24T21:01:00.001-07:002014-10-25T00:45:05.419-07:00Economics of trivial (not so) things: A burden on Society: Inefficient Public Enterprise...<a href="http://economicstrivia.blogspot.com/2014/10/a-burden-on-society-inefficient-public.html?spref=bl">Economics of trivial (not so) things: A burden on Society: Inefficient Public Enterprise...</a>: “Government produces lamest products, infrastructures, and services! Government should do nothing but the work it has been assigned, gover...Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-76136633250579933862014-10-20T08:06:00.000-07:002014-10-20T08:06:07.304-07:00Amazing Bluetooth Pulse speakers!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<img alt="JBL Pulse" height="480" src="http://media.engadget.com/img/products/490/ai7t/ai7t-460.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;">Portable wireless speakers are a dime a dozen these days, usually offering unimpressive sound in an even more unimpressive design. JBL looks to break away the pack with the Pulse, offering built-in LEDs that stage a light show timed to your favorite tunes. </span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;" /><img height="495" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTe6dpAM4pjRuf9VkFUcCsvPl1eVn6WGUgLNY1cUECIfIpqK9p5" width="640" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;">The Pulse's lighting comes equipped with presets, providing a ready-to-go visual equalizer for your music that </span><a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/portable-speakers/jbl-pulse/4505-11313_7-35831729.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3399cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CNET</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"> finds "fairly mesmerizing." Even the actual build of the speaker is attractive, with</span><a href="http://www.chipchick.com/2014/01/jbl-pulse-review.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3399cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">ChipChick</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"> calling the design "ingenious" and "very portable," making it easier to bring to a friend's house or good for a night party on the beach. Though sound quality generally suffers on speakers of this size, </span><a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2429529,00.asp" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3399cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PC Mag</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"> says it still offers "impressive volume" with "good general sound quality." </span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;">While all that flash isn't cheap -- the Pulse costs $199 -- it's worth noting that the similarly-sized </span><a href="http://www.engadget.com/products/logitech/ue/boom/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3399cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">UE Boom</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"> is offered for the same price with none of </span><span class="nobr" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: proxima-nova, proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, 'Proxima Nova', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">the same dazzle.</span><br />
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-798009812870732014-10-20T00:21:00.004-07:002014-10-20T00:21:57.711-07:00Noble Prize Winners of 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2014/akasaki-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Isamu Akasaki</a>, <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2014/amano-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Hiroshi Amano</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;">and</span> <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2014/nakamura-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Shuji Nakamura</a></h6>
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"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"</div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/betzig-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Eric Betzig</a>, <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/hell-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Stefan W. Hell</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;">and</span> <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/moerner-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">William E. Moerner</a></h6>
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"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"</div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/okeefe-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">John O'Keefe</a>, <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/may-britt-moser-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">May-Britt Moser</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;">and</span> <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/edvard-moser-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Edvard I. Moser</a></h6>
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"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"</div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2014/modiano-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Patrick Modiano</a></h6>
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"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"</div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Nobel Peace Prize 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/satyarthi-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Kailash Satyarthi</a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;">and</span> <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/yousafzai-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Malala Yousafzai</a></h6>
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"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"</div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2014/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-size: 0.813em; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014</a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2014/tirole-facts.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #598ac1; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;">Jean Tirole</a></h6>
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"for his analysis of market power and regulation"</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-32894261726620044792014-10-12T22:09:00.003-07:002016-01-13T06:27:37.020-08:00Ancient Mystery: A Million Year Old Clay Battery Found!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white;">In 1936, while excavating ruins of a 2000-year-old village near Baghdad, workers discovered mysterious small vase. A 6-inch-high pot of bright yellow clay dating back <i>two millennia</i>contained a cylinder of sheet-copper 5 inches by 1.5 inches. The edge of the copper cylinder was soldered with a 60-40 lead-tin alloy comparable to today's solder. The bottom of the cylinder was capped with a crimped-in copper disk and sealed with bitumen or asphalt. Another insulating layer of asphalt sealed the top and also held in place an iron rod suspended into the center of the copper cylinder. The rod showed evidence of having been corroded with an acidic agent. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">The ancient battery<br />in the Baghdad Museum</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The Baghdad Battery, sometimes referred to as the Parthian Battery, is the common name for a number of artifacts created in Mesopotamia, possibly during the Parthian or Sassanid period (the early centuries AD), and probably discovered in 1936 in the village of Khuyut Rabbou'a, near Baghdad, Iraq. These artifacts came to wider attention in 1938 when Wilhelm König, the German director of the National Museum of Iraq, found the objects in the museum's collections. In 1940, König published a paper speculating that they may have been galvanic cells, perhaps used for electroplating gold onto silver objects.[2] This interpretation continues to be considered as at least a hypothetical possibility. If correct, the artifacts would predate Alessandro Volta's 1800 invention of the electrochemical cell by more than a millennium.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">An <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Ancient Battery">Ancient Battery</a></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">German archaeologist , Wilhelm König, examined the object and came to a surprising conclusion that the clay pot was nothing less than an ancient electric battery. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_baghdad_battery11.jpg" height="499" width="640" /><br /><i>The ancient battery in the Baghdad Museum</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_113.jpg" height="478" width="640" /><br />Re-creation of the Baghdad battery</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The ancient battery in the Baghdad Museum, as well as those others which were unearthed in Iraq, are all dated from the Parthian occupation between 248 BCE and 226 CE. However, Dr. Konig also found copper vases plated with silver in the Baghdad Museum, excavated from Sumerian sites in southern Iraq, dating back to at least 2500 BCE. When the vases were lightly tapped, a blue patina or film separated from the surface, which is characteristic of silver electroplated onto copper base. It would appear then that the Parthians inherited their batteries from one of the earliest known civilizations.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In 1940, Willard F.M. Gray, an engineer at the General Electric High Volatage Laboratory in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, read of Konig's theory. Using drawings and details supplied by German rocket scientist Willy Ley, Gray made a replica of the battery. Using copper sulfate solution, it generated about half a volt of electricity.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In 1970s, German Egyptologist, Arne Eggebrecht built a replica of the Baghdad battery and filled it with freshly pressed grape juice, as he speculated the ancients might have done. The replica generated 0.87V. He used current from the battery to electroplate a silver statuette with gold.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">This experiment proved that electric batteries were used some 1,800 years before their modern invention by Alessandro Volta in 1799.<br />It also seems that the use of similar batteries can be safely placed into ancient Egypt, where several objects with traces of electroplated precious metals have been found at different locations. There are several anomalous finds from other regions, which suggests use of electricity on a grander scale.<br /><br /><b>The Riddle of "Baghdad's batteries"</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Arran Frood investigates what could have been the very first batteries and how these important archaeological and technological artefacts are now at risk from the impending war in Iraq.</span></div>
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<i style="background-color: white;">I don't think anyone can say for sure what they were used for, but they may have been batteries because they do work Dr Marjorie Senechal</i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">War can destroy more than a people, an army or a leader. Culture, tradition and history also lie in the firing line.<br />Iraq has a rich national heritage. The Garden of Eden and the Tower of Babel are said to have been sited in this ancient land.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In any war, there is a chance that priceless treasures will be lost forever, articles such as the "ancient battery" that resides defenceless in the museum of Baghdad.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">For this object suggests that the region, whose civilizations gave us writing and the wheel, may also have invented electric cells - two thousand years before such devices were well known.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Biblical clues</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">It was in 1938, while working in Khujut Rabu, just outside Baghdad in modern day Iraq, that German archaeologist Wilhelm Konig unearthed a five-inch-long (13 cm) clay jar containing a copper cylinder that encased an iron rod.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /><br /><i>THE KEY COMPONENTS<br />Batteries dated to around 200 BC Could have been used in gilding</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The vessel showed signs of corrosion, and early tests revealed that an acidic agent, such as vinegar or wine had been present.<br />In the early 1900s, many European archaeologists were excavating ancient Mesopotamian sites, looking for evidence of Biblical tales like the Tree of Knowledge and Noah's flood.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Konig did not waste his time finding alternative explanations for his discovery. To him, it had to have been a battery.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Though this was hard to explain, and did not sit comfortably with the religious ideology of the time, he published his conclusions. But soon the world was at war, and his discovery was forgotten.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Scientific awareness</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">More than 60 years after their discovery, the batteries of Baghdad - as there are perhaps a dozen of them - are shrouded in myth.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"The batteries have always attracted interest as curios," says Dr Paul Craddock, a metallurgy expert of the ancient Near East from the British Museum.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"They are a one-off. As far as we know, nobody else has found anything like these. They are odd things; they are one of life's enigmas."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">No two accounts of them are the same. Some say the batteries were excavated, others that Konig found them in the basement of the Baghdad Museum when he took over as director. There is no definite figure on how many have been found, and their age is disputed.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Most sources date the batteries to around 200 BC - in the Parthian era, circa 250 BC to AD 225. Skilled warriors, the Parthians were not noted for their scientific achievements.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"Although this collection of objects is usually dated as Parthian, the grounds for this are unclear," says Dr St John Simpson, also from the department of the ancient Near East at the British Museum.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"The pot itself is Sassanian. This discrepancy presumably lies either in a misidentification of the age of the ceramic vessel, or the site at which they were found."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Underlying principles</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In the history of the Middle East, the Sassanian period (circa AD 225 - 640) marks the end of the ancient and the beginning of the more scientific medieval era.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Though most archaeologists agree the devices were batteries, there is much conjecture as to how they could have been discovered, and what they were used for.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">How could ancient Persian science have grasped the principles of electricity and arrived at this knowledge?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Perhaps they did not. Many inventions are conceived before the underlying principles are properly understood.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The Chinese invented gunpowder long before the principles of combustion were deduced, and the rediscovery of old herbal medicines is now a common occurrence.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">You do not always have to understand why something works - just that it does.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Enough zap</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">It is certain the Baghdad batteries could conduct an electric current because many replicas have been made, including by students of ancient history under the direction of Dr Marjorie Senechal, professor of the history of science and technology, Smith College, US.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"I don't think anyone can say for sure what they were used for, but they may have been batteries because they do work," she says. Replicas can produce voltages from 0.8 to nearly two volts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Making an electric current requires two metals with different electro potentials and an ion carrying solution, known as an electrolyte, to ferry the electrons between them.<br />Connected in series, a set of batteries could theoretically produce a much higher voltage, though no wires have ever been found that would prove this had been the case.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"It's a pity we have not found any wires," says Dr Craddock. "It means our interpretation of them could be completely wrong."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">But he is sure the objects are batteries and that there could be more of them to discover. "Other examples may exist that lie in museums elsewhere unrecognised".</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">He says this is especially possible if any items are missing, as the objects only look like batteries when all the pieces are in place.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Possible uses</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Some have suggested the batteries may have been used medicinally.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The ancient Greeks wrote of the pain killing effect of electric fish when applied to the soles of the feet.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The Chinese had developed acupuncture by this time, and still use acupuncture combined with an electric current. This may explain the presence of needle-like objects found with some of the batteries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">But this tiny voltage would surely have been ineffective against real pain, considering the well-recorded use of other painkillers in the ancient world like cannabis, opium and wine.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Other scientists believe the batteries were used for electroplating - transferring a thin layer of metal on to another metal surface - a technique still used today and a common classroom experiment.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">This idea is appealing because at its core lies the mother of many inventions: money.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In the making of jewellery, for example, a layer of gold or silver is often applied to enhance its beauty in a process called gilding.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Grape electrolyte</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Two main techniques of gilding were used at the time and are still in use today: hammering the precious metal into thin strips using brute force, or mixing it with a mercury base which is then pasted over the article.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">These techniques are effective, but wasteful compared with the addition of a small but consistent layer of metal by electro-deposition. The ability to mysteriously electroplate gold or silver on to such objects would not only save precious resources and money, but could also win you important friends at court.</span></div>
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<i style="background-color: white;">Let's hope the world manages to resolve its present problems so people can go and see them. Dr Paul Craddock</i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br />A palace, kingdom, or even the sultan's daughter may have been the reward for such knowledge - and motivation to keep it secret.<br />Testing this idea in the late seventies, Dr Arne Eggebrecht, then director of Roemer and Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim, connected many replica Baghdad batteries together using grape juice as an electrolyte, and claimed to have deposited a thin layer of silver on to another surface, just one ten thousandth of a millimetre thick.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Other researchers though, have disputed these results and have been unable to replicate them.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"There does not exist any written documentation of the experiments which took place here in 1978," says Dr Bettina Schmitz, currently a researcher based at the same Roemer and Pelizaeus Museum.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"The experiments weren't even documented by photos, which really is a pity," she says. "I have searched through the archives of this museum and I talked to everyone involved in 1978 with no results."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Tingling idols</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Although a larger voltage can be obtained by connecting more than one battery together, it is the ampage which is the real limiting factor, and many doubt whether a high enough power could ever have been obtained, even from tens of Baghdad batteries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">One serious flaw with the electroplating hypothesis is the lack of items from this place and time that have been treated in this way.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"The examples we see from this region and era are conventional gild plating and mercury gilding," says Dr Craddock. "There's never been any untouchable evidence to support the electroplating theory."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">He suggests a cluster of the batteries, connected in parallel, may have been hidden inside a metal statue or idol.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">He thinks that anyone touching this statue may have received a tiny but noticeable electric shock, something akin to the static discharge that can infect offices, equipment and children's parties.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"I have always suspected you would get tricks done in the temple," says Dr Craddock. "The statue of a god could be wired up and then the priest would ask you questions.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"If you gave the wrong answer, you'd touch the statue and would get a minor shock along with perhaps a small mysterious blue flash of light. Get the answer right, and the trickster or priest could disconnect the batteries and no shock would arrive - the person would then be convinced of the power of the statue, priest and the religion."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Magical rituals</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">It is said that to the uninitiated, science cannot be distinguished from magic. "In Egypt we know this sort of thing happened with Hero's engine," Dr Craddock says.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Hero's engine was a primitive steam-driven machine, and like the battery of Baghdad, no one is quite sure what it was used for, but are convinced it could work.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">If this idol could be found, it would be strong evidence to support the new theory. With the batteries inside, was this object once revered, like the Oracle of Delphi in Greece, and "charged" with godly powers?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Even if the current were insufficient to provide a genuine shock, it may have felt warm, a bizarre tingle to the touch of the unsuspecting finger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">At the very least, it could have just been the container of these articles, to keep their secret safe.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Perhaps it is too early to say the battery has been convincingly demonstrated to be part of a magical ritual. Further examination, including accurate dating, of the batteries' components are needed to really answer this mystery.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">No one knows if such an idol or statue that could have hidden the batteries really exists, but perhaps the opportunity to look is not too far away - if the items survive the looming war in the Middle East.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"These objects belong to the successors of the people who made them," says Dr Craddock. "Let's hope the world manages to resolve its present problems so people can go and see them."</span></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-14950448980969936632014-10-12T02:21:00.002-07:002016-01-13T06:28:27.345-08:00The American Constitution was Written by ‘Freemasons’?-The Dark Secret<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Dianne Foster Reidy, stenographer for the House of Representatives in </span><span class="m4f5v7m" id="m4f5v7m_6" style="border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-style: none none solid !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none; height: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-align: left !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Washington</span></span><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">, DC, told to the floor: “He will not be mocked, don’t touch me, he will not be mocked. . . The greatest deception here is this is not one nation under God, it never was.”</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">A quick assumption by some, concerning this story, was the question of whether Reidy was the name of the person who spoke on the House floor.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The name Holly Eskridge was mentioned because of a </span><a href="https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=e4665798b368a6f673e344fe9fa23421&tab=core&_cview=1%2F" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_self"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">solicitation found</span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> concerning the Office of the Clerk of the US House of Representatives.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">However, a </span><a href="http://clerk.house.gov/search.aspx?zoom_query=Holly+Eskridge" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">quick search </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">for Holly Eskridge turns up “no results found”.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Curiously enough, so does a search </span><a href="http://clerk.house.gov/search.aspx?zoom_query=dianne+foster+reidy" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">for the name </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Dianne Foster Reidy.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">As </span><span class="m4f5v7m" id="m4f5v7m_5" style="border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-style: none none solid !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none; height: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-align: left !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">security</span></span><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> dragged Reidy away, she said: “It never was, had it been, it would not have been . . . the Constitution would not have been written by </span><span class="m4f5v7m" id="m4f5v7m_2" style="border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-style: none none solid !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none; height: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-align: left !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Freemasons</span></span><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">, they go against God, you cannot serve two masters. Praise be God, Lord Jesus Christ.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/stenographer-pulled-from-house-floor-after-shouting-during-vote/article/2537340" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Reports stated </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">that Reidy had a crazed look, and that “it was very disturbing for members of Congress.”</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Other witnesses said Reidy suddenly no longer appeared friendly, and displayed body language as if in a trance-like state before the outburst.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Reidy had </span><a href="http://www.breitbart.com/InstaBlog/2013/10/16/Veteran-House-Stenographer-Dragged-Off-House-Floor?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">held her position </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">as a stenographer for the </span><span class="m4f5v7m" id="m4f5v7m_3" style="border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-style: none none solid !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none; height: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-align: left !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">House Office</span></span><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> of the Clerk for 2 decades and had an exemplary record.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The </span><span class="m4f5v7m" id="m4f5v7m_4" style="border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-style: none none solid !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none; height: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-align: left !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">official story</span></span><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> is that Reidy walked to the podium and asked if the microphone were on before her comments to the House.</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">House Representative Illeana Ros-Lehtinen, who tried to shut Reidy up by slamming the gavel down several times, commented: “I hammered to get control and hush her up. She said something about the devil. It was sudden, confusing and heartbreaking. She is normally a gentle soul.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Reidy was taken to a hospital for psychiatric evaluation following her statements on the House floor, </span><a href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/10/17/stenographer-snaps-rants-on-house-floor/?hpt=hp_t2" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">according to </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> Shennell S. Antrobus, officer of the Capitol Police Department (CPD).</span></span></center>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">A statement from Reidy to the mainstream media (MSM) has surfaced, explaining why she made her statements.</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">According to the statement attributed to Reidy: “For the past 2 and 1/2 weeks, the Holy Spirit has been waking me up in the middle of the night and preparing me (through my reluctance and doubt) to deliver a message in the House Chamber. That is what I did last night.”</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The statement goes on to claim that the Holy Spirit woke her up from sleep to say: “I’m not actually sure. Ha ha, I guess all words sound sort of crazy, like, what even is a “table”? Like, why do those letters in that order mean that thing over there? [Points to nightstand table]. It’s so nuts! Maybe in a different language or on a different planet, people say “I’m so tired” by saying, “He will not be mocked. He will not be mocked—don’t touch me—he will not be mocked. The greatest deception here is this is not one nation under God. It never was . . . the Constitution would not have been written by the Freemasons. They go against God,” you know?”</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Based on this statement, MSM are now mocking Reidy publically in an effort to divert attention from what she said to the official story concerning Reidy’s credibility and religious faith.</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Reidy’s statement that the US Constitution was written by Freemasons has historical backing.</span></center>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">While in France, from 1779 to 1781, publisher Benjamin Franklin </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">was the</span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> Grand Master of the Freemasonic Les Neuf Soeurs Lodge.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">At this time, Franklin met Thomas Paine, a young Englishman who was expounding on the streets of France at the very beginning of the French revolution.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Franklin </span><a href="http://www.thomas-paine-friends.org/dodson-edward_franklin-and-common-sense.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">convinced </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Paine to write his philosophy of freedom. This ideology is known as </span><a href="http://loufreyinstitute.org/civicsconnection/assets/files/conversations/congress_and_the_public/primary_resources/Thomas%20Paine%20Common%20Sense.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Common Sense </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Franklin was integral to Paine’s arrival in the 13 colonies that were rife with frustration directed at the British government for unfair taxation and treatment by the occupying British soldiers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Common Sense is directly mentioned as the </span><a href="http://www.cato.org/cato-university/home-study-course/module3" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">inspiration </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">for the Declaration of Independence.</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">This historical fact validates Reidy’s comments on the House floor; and also justifies the control system that seeks to demonize Americans that speak out about these facts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">A </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8Lsvt1z0n4" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">video was leaked </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">onto YouTube that showed the inside of a lecture room wherein the presenter was discussing how the US Armed Forces are currently experimenting with vaccines that can control human behavior; specifically religious fundamental tendencies.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">According to a highly-circulated </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oP1Ke70Mi8" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">video, </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is training their agents that the Founding Fathers were terrorists who began a war against their British benefactors. The intimation is that those Americans today that agree with this mindset are potential terrorists.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has released a </span><a class="broken_link" href="http://cdn.freedomoutpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/99162925-LaFree-Bersani-HotSpotsOfUSTerrorism.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: line-through; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">paper,</span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"> published by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) explains that an American that adheres to the “extreme right-wing” ideology is a “potential terrorist”.</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The document states: “Extreme Right-Wing: groups that believe that one’s personal and/or national ‘way of life’ is under attack and is either already lost or that the threat is imminent (for some the threat is from a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group), and believe in the need to be prepared for an attack either by participating in paramilitary preparations and training or survivalism. Groups may also be fiercely nationalistic (as opposed to universal and international in orientation), anti-global, suspicious of centralized federal authority, reverent of individual liberty, and believe in conspiracy theories that involve grave threat to national sovereignty and/or personal liberty.”</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">The philosophy that creates the extreme right-wing terrorist is religion. Indeed: “Religious: groups that seek to smite the purported enemies of God and other evildoers, impose strict religious tenets or laws on society (fundamentalists), forcibly insert religion into the political sphere (e.g., those who seek to politicize religion, such as Christian Reconstructionists and Islamists), and/or bring about Armageddon (apocalyptic millenarian cults; 2010: 17).</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">For example, Jewish Direct Action, Mormon extremist, Jamaat-al-Fuqra, and Covenant, Sword and the Arm of the Lord (CSA) are included in this category.”</span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">Conversely, the other side of the pendulum – “left-wing extremists” could be just as dangerous. The paper states: “Extreme Left-Wing: groups that want to bring about change through violent revolution rather than through established political processes. This category also includes secular left-wing groups that rely heavily on terrorism to overthrow the capitalist system and either establish “a dictatorship of the proletariat” (Marxist-Leninists) or, much more rarely, a decentralized, non-hierarchical political system (anarchists).”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">At a recent US Army Reserve Equal Opportunity </span><a href="http://www.adfmedia.org/files/ExtremismPresentation.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">training seminar </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">entitled, “Extremism and Extremist Organizations” white supremacist groups were coupled with the Muslim Brotherhood, the entire nation of Islam and evangelical Christians.</span></span></div>
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<span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">As numbers of followers continue to grow in America, those conducting the talk distributed materials that correlate all religious groups as potentially dangers to the current administration – as well as orthodox Jews and explained how these extremist organizations must be remedied.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">By </span><a href="http://radio.foxnews.com/toddstarnes/top-stories/army-labeled-evangelicals-as-religious-extremism.html" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">stating </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">that the Christian faith and foundational belief system is comparable to Shariah law is an elaboration that “every religion has some followers that believe that their beliefs, customs and traditions are the only ‘right way’ and that all others practicing their faith the ‘wrong way.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">It is a </span><a href="http://thetruthwins.com/archives/patriots-and-christians-have-been-repeatedly-labeled-as-potential-terrorists-since-obama-became-president" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">constant </span></a><span class="remarkable-pre-marked" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">of the Obama administration that patriots/constitutionalists/evangelicals are labeled as extremists who must be dealt with before they enact centralized terrorism against the American public.</span></span></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-23343670681963794062014-10-12T00:55:00.000-07:002016-01-13T06:29:24.289-08:00Ancient Mystery:The Origin And Mystery Of Celtic Cross<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">I am a Scottish born researcher and Company Director with an interest in prehistory. I have applied for a patent on a derivative of the Celtic cross. This application was published on the 14th of June 2000 under UK patent application GB 2 344 654 A. Despite intensive research by The Patent Office prior to publication, no instrument with its complete attributes has been discovered and its application was not found to be obvious. </span>The Celtic cross, which is an ancient and sacred symbol, with which most people are familiar, appears to be a representation of an ancient instrument that was used by our ancestors as far back as Neolithic times. I believe that it was what the Ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians used to survey their buildings and navigate the oceans of the world. Despite the discovery of cocaine in some of the Egyptian Mummies, it has been argued, in august and academic circles, that it was impossible for them or the Phoenicians to have crossed the Atlantic in prehistory, because of their inability to navigate.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Thor Heyderhal scotched the concept that their boats were incapable with his Ra expedition. I am about to collapse the final argument, by proving that they could navigate and had the instrument to do it. </span></div>
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<tr><td width="100%"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;"><img align="right" border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_5_2.jpg" height="402" hspace="25" vspace="5" width="278" />The discovery came about in the winter of 1997 when I was trying to figure out what the Ancient Egyptians would have used to survey the great pyramid complex at Giza. All constructions, even ancient ones, require surveying before commencement of work. The incredible pyramid of Cheops and the Giza complex, which seems to embody the mathematical value of PI, would have to be accurately surveyed, as would all similar constructions, including stone circles such as Stonehenge, Avebury and Callanish in Scotland. Callanish is more than 5000 years old and built in the form of a Celtic cross - proof that this knowledge predates the Egyptian Pyramids.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Through intensive and exhaustive experimentation, a belief in the intelligence of our ancestors and a refusal to believe in little green men as the designers, I discovered that the only appropriate instrument that could have been used by the architect, in the place of a theodolite, was a derivative of the cross, with the addition of a plumbline. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">This incredibly simple, yet complex instrument, has the potential to measure angles and inclinations to an accuracy of 1 minute of arc or 1/60th of a degree, depending on the size of the instrument used. This is an extraordinary accuracy for what appears to be only two pieces of wood, a scale and a plumbline. One of the most interesting but obscure abilities of the Cross is its capability to take sidereal measurements.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;"><img align="left" border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_5o2.jpg" height="169" hspace="8" width="300" />With my experience of navigation as a qualified Yachtmaster, I turned my experimentation to discover if the ancient mariners could find latitude and longitude with the cross. The experiments conducted, confirmed that the ancients could find their position anywhere on the Earth within 3 nautical miles with a hand held device. This discovery may help to prove that it was possible for sailors such as the Phoenicians to have made regular trading contact with the Americas in pre Columbian times. It also may explain the mysterious navigation skills of the Polynesians. This discovery also helps support pioneers of the theory of ancient intercontinental travel such as Thor Heyderhal with his Kon Tiki and Ra expeditions.</span> <span style="color: black;"> I then went on to discover that this instrument was probably the basis of geometry, mathematics, ancient astronomy, map making and time keeping. That this instrument was used in combination with a detailed knowledge of astronomy and monthly star positions, ecliptic and zodiac observations so as to locate the position of any star at any time over a location on the earth's surface. Hence the saying "as in heaven so on earth".</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Furthermore, those observers were placed at strategic observatories throughout the known world to keep local time and traditions and to aid mariners and other travelers. Those travelers were able to find their longitude over short distances with the use of sand (hour) glasses in relation to local time between observatories (stone or wood henges in the north and pyramids in the lower latitudes) and world time kept at the old 0 degree meridian at Giza. I also believe that the henges were used to keep time and in fact were large astrolabes where stone balls were moved around the henge on a daily basis to represent the positions of the planets in relation to the sun and zodiac throughout the year.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Ley (lay) lines, an ancient and modern navigation term, were used to lay the position line, or course, of one place in relation to another. This term is misconstrued to have magical or magnetic properties by modern cultists. It is in fact related to astro navigation and can be found in modern navigation manuals. The lay line from the Cape Verde Islands to the Caribbean Antilles, avoiding the Sargasso Sea is exactly 17 degrees North. To find this line an instrument that measures the declination of a star or the sun at azimuth would have to be used. I believe that this instrument was the Cross with a plumbline.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">I also believe that the quadrant, used in the 13th century was an inferior instrument in that it was incapable of sidereal measurements. I further believe that the Cross and the methods of its use, is one of the greatest treasures found by the famous Knights Templar, in their excavation of Solomon's Temple, during the Crusades. That this discovery led to a new style of architecture and the building of the Great Cathedrals in Europe, starting with Chartres in France.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">It may also have led to the greatest untold confidence trick in the last millennium played on Spain by Christopher Columbus and eventually leading to the destruction of the Amerindian civilizations. There is evidence that the Templars, to whom Columbus was associated, had been voyaging to the Americas for two hundred years before the official discovery. Using the cross as a navigation instrument. The Templar Archivist has already argued at Roslyn Chapel in Scotland, that William St Claire had voyaged to America before Columbus. The fact that the instrument actually works and can be demonstrated to fulfil a universal role in many functions, is vindication of my theories. What is truly amazing, is that no one has discovered this lost knowledge in modern times. The message in stone, wood, metals and art has been around for thousands of years, in full view of the public.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Apart from the publication of the patent, I have been asked to publish and had accepted an academic 20,000-word paper, with 38 technical illustrations in the November 2000 issue of Fortean Studies. This article will be of great interest to those studying Egyptian constructions, but unfortunately can not be revealed until after publication comes out. In this paper I have outlined the methods used to tell the time and navigate with the combination of the cross, pyramids, stone circles and henges.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">I have also been asked to appear at the next <i>Fortean Unconvention</i> in London to speak about my discoveries. I have accepted that my name be put forward. I have appeared for 15 minutes in May 1999 on Teidi Television, following a lecture he gave to a conference on Mayan Culture in Tenerife. After gifting a working model of the Cross to Don Ajlehandro, Head Elder of forty-five Elders and spiritual leader of 6,000,000 Maya people. The only person allowed by the authorities to conduct ancient ceremonies on the Yucatan Pyramids. The last ceremony held at that time had in attendance every Amerindian Tribal Chief from Tierra del Feugo to Alaska.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Don Ajlehandro said that it was his people's lost "Staff of Power" used to design pyramids and lost when the Conquistadors dispossessed them 500 years ago. He promised to show it to his Elders and place it for instruction of the young in the Maya Mystery Schools. A small article has been purchased by <i>Practical Boatowner</i> magazine and is due for publication showing how the instrument can be easily used as an emergency navigation backup in case of electronic navigation system failures.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Apart from being a help to Archaeologists, in piecing together the unexplained mysteries and purposes of the pyramids of Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Stonehenge and other ancient constructions, I hope that my discovery will be an enlightenment to all seekers after the truth. That this discovery will enlighten all people about our past and inspire other researchers, helping to further our knowledge and understand the obscure culture of the ancients. I hope that I can find further sponsorship and assistance in providing the instrument to developing countries for a cheap and efficient method of surveying projects such as construction, road building and irrigation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">I also hope, that this instrument may be used in the practical education of the young, so that they may gain a basic and interesting foundation of this ancient knowledge. That they may learn how our ancestors survived and learnt about astronomy, navigation, construction, mathematics, geometry and time keeping. How they went on to apply this knowledge, which is lost in the mists of time, to construct the ancient wonders of the world and achieve the seemingly impossible.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">I am presently compiling my research, with the aim of completing my first book by the spring of 2001.</span></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-19952972866160647202014-10-10T20:37:00.002-07:002016-01-13T06:30:17.129-08:00Ancient Mystery:The Ancient Aryans<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">Researchers analyzed and compared the unique genetic make-up of the chromosomes in the iris of blue-eyed individuals from diverse regions such as Denmark, Turkey and Jordan, concluding that all blue-eyed people (or carriers of the gene) share a common ancestor, someone who lived 6,000 to 10,000 years ago and that this blue-eyed family spread out from an area north of the Black Sea following the la</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">st ice age, the proto-Indo-European Aryans who subsequently spread agriculture into western Europe and later rode horses/chariots into Iran, India, and ancient Egypt. </span></div>
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">Scientist: All Blue-Eyed People Are Related </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;"><a href="http://foxnews.com/story/2008/02/01/scientist-all-blue-eyed-people-are-related/" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://foxnews.com/story/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>2008/02/01/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>scientist-all-blue-eyed-peo<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>ple-are-related/</a> </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">Blue-eyed Humans Have A Single, Common Ancestor </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;"><a href="http://sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080130170343.htm" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://sciencedaily.com/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>releases/2008/01/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>080130170343.htm</a> </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">Where Did Blue Eyes Originate From? </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;"><a href="http://atlanteangardens.blogspot.com/2014/04/where-did-blue-eyes-originate-from.html" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>atlanteangardens.blogspot.c<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>om/2014/04/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>where-did-blue-eyes-origina<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>te-from.html</a></span></div>
Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-89624837448789502752014-10-10T20:30:00.004-07:002014-10-10T20:30:53.681-07:00Elsa Was Supposed To Be A Baddie!? 9 Amazing Frozen Facts You Probably Never Knew<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Think you know <i>EVERYTHING</i> about Frozen? You might want to think again.</div>
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From how "Let It Go" changed Elsa, to each of the movie's individual snowflakes, I bet you didn't know all of these facts about Disney's<i>Frozen.</i> So, don't be left out in the cold - dive straight into these 9 facts about Elsa's universe!</div>
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1. "Let It Go" changed the entire direction of the movie!</h2>
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When the anthem's songwriters presented the monolithic song to the creative crew, they all realized they needed to change the script to fit the powerful song.</div>
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2. Elsa was originally supposed to be a baddie.</h2>
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But, I mean, an evil snow queen can't sing a song about freedom and empowerment, right? The producers concluded that the song was not only very appealing, but its themes of personal empowerment and self-acceptance were too positive for a villain to express. Thus, the story was rewritten….</div>
<figure data-id="147247" style="cursor: default; margin: 0px 0px 28px;"><img alt="" data-animated="http://imageserver.moviepilot.com/giphy-elsa-was-supposed-to-be-a-baddie-9-amazing-frozen-facts-you-probably-never-knew.gif?width=500&height=209" src="http://imageserver.moviepilot.com/giphy-elsa-was-supposed-to-be-a-baddie-9-amazing-frozen-facts-you-probably-never-knew.webp?width=570&height=238" style="border: 0px; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 570px;" title="" /><figcaption style="color: #999999; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.4;"></figcaption></figure><div style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 28px;">
Hmm, I'm not so sure. True story: a <i>Frozen</i> obsessed wife said to her hubby, "If you can't understand what makes this movie great, there's something wrong with you as a human being," before <a href="http://moviepilot.com/posts/2014/06/30/crestfallen-and-crazy-chinese-man-buys-hundreds-of-transformers-tickets-out-of-revenge-1624499?template=share" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background: 0px 0px; color: #333333;">divorcing the poor dude</a>. Sounds pretty evil to me!</div>
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3. Animators had an actual reindeer visit the studio to use as inspiration for the character Sven.</h2>
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The animators of <i>Frozen</i> wanted to observe the movements and the mannerisms of reindeer for Sven featured in the movie. Apparently, however, the reindeer just stood there and didn't move enough, so they ended up modelling Sven on Executive Producer John Lasseter's dog. I can totally see it.</div>
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4. Elsa was originally meant to look like<i>what now!?</i></h2>
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Yep, <i>blue hair</i>, dudes.</div>
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When voice actor Idina Menzel joined the cast of the movie, Elsa's CGI creation was equipped with blue, spiky hair and a coat made of living weasels. Count yourselves lucky we got a nice fair-haired, quite normally-clothed Snow Queen, Frozens!</div>
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5. Disney does not support the consumption of boogers...!?</h2>
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Disney is the master of throwing Easter eggs into everything they do, and <i>Frozen</i> is no exception!</div>
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There is a note in the movie end credits stating that eating boogers is not a view "reflected by The Walt Disney Company." Smart move, Disney. You do not want a booger-related lawsuit on your hands. Or boogers on your hands either for that matter.</div>
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6. Anna and Prince Hans' song is a first for princess-villain duets.</h2>
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When Anna sings "Love is an Open Door" with Prince Hans, it is the first time a Disney princess has ever performed a duet with a villain...</div>
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What, you didn't get the subtle hints about his true nature?</div>
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7. The movie is based on a Hans Christian Anderson story.</h2>
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The Snow Queen, which was also the original title of <i>Frozen</i> before they changed the name, is based on a fairytale by Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen. The names Hans, Kristoff, Anna, and Sven are also a nod to Andersen's work.</div>
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8. The animation team created a snowflake generator program to build 2,000 different snowflake shapes they could use.</h2>
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That, right there, is some cold, hard dedication.</div>
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9. Some <i>Tangled</i> characters make an appearance!</h2>
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Rapunzel and Flynn Rider from <i>Tangled</i> make a surprise appearance in <i>Frozen.</i> When they open the city gates for Elsa's coronation, you can see the couple's backs toward the camera. Such an awesome little tie-in between <i>Tangled</i> and <i>Frozen</i> to think that the characters not only exist in the same Disneyverse, but that they're close enough to drop by for a visit!</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-29708458124522953352014-10-10T19:55:00.001-07:002014-10-10T19:55:51.869-07:00Mystery of mass graves in ancient Roman village under examination<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;">Mass graves that have been discovered at three different points of the ancient city of Pisidia Antiocheia have posed a mystery for experts, who are now examining the 24 skeletons. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;">The site, located in the southern province of Isparta’s Yalvaç district, is considered one of the birthplaces of Christianity. Excavations there last year revealed mass graves in two shafts of a Roman villa that are thought to have been used to keep food. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;">This year another mass grave was found at the site and the bones of 24 people are now being examined by academics from Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, who have suggested that they died of an epidemic between the sixth and ninth century.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;">The head of the excavations, Professor Mehmet Özhanlı said they could not see the mark of any sharp objects on the bodies. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, Arial; font-size: 14px;">“Probably these people died of an epidemic and the bodies were randomly thrown into cooling shafts and covered with earth and stones. This year we found three more shafts and there was a mass grave in one of them too. We think this was a family of five people, including a child of up to three years old,” Özhanlı said.</span></div>
Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-50283290396820652542014-10-10T06:57:00.003-07:002014-10-10T06:57:35.853-07:00How to fix Nexus 4 power button issue<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/a-not-so-powerful-nexus-24095.html#" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="How to fix Nexus 4 power button issue" src="http://static.digit.in/default/bc332aa9940a8e8597706b790ff0bc373ac97719.jpeg" style="-webkit-transition: transform 0.3s linear 0s; border: 0px none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 940px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: transform 0.3s linear 0s; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;" title="How to fix Nexus 4 power button issue" /><span class="shadow" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 2px inset; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 2px inset; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 540px; left: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;"></span></a><span class="shadow" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 2px inset; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 2px inset; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 540px; left: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;"></span></div>
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A darling among Google’s Nexus lineup of devices, one that actually created waves by selling at an atrociously low unlocked price in the US (where people are only ever used to buying phones with a contract with telcos). The Nexus 4 handset is just shy of being two years old now. A lot of Indians sport the popular Google phone simply because it was the first one to be sold officially in hither shores. Apart from one small problem which has been experienced by a substantial number of Nexus 4 – and to some extent Nexus 7 tablet – owners.</div>
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You see, the power button of the Nexus 4 isn’t its most shining part. In fact, it’s not only difficult to press, but it allegedly worsens as time goes on. There are a number problems plaguing the Nexus 4’s hardware buttons, and we’ve experienced most of them progressively over the past two years. So here’s what we’ve found you can do to either alleviate the pain by having to deal with a constantly dysfunctional power button on the trusty old Nexus 4.</div>
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<strong>What’s the problem?</strong></div>
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Nexus 4’s power button unleashes several pain points in end user experience, particularly as the device gets older. We’ve heard (and to some extent experienced ourselves) people complaining about the following on their Nexus 4 smartphone and Nexus tablet with respect to its power button:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">That it becomes harder to press as the device ages. What used to take a single click earlier now takes two, three or even more repeated presses for either locking or unlocking the device.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The phone is late to acknowledge the triggers of the power button, leading to a scenario where you repeatedly press the power button multiple times only for the device to lock and unlock immediately (or vice versa).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Long pressing the power button also becomes a hit-n-miss affair as time goes along.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">All of these power button issues are compounded even more if you’re prone to using your Nexus 4 phone (or Nexus 7 tablet) in a case, since it makes it that much more harder to hit the power button accurately and requires greater force.</li>
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Granted, every device goes through mechanical wear and tear, and the Nexus devices aren’t immune to this gradual degradation of hardware parts. However, the power button’s behaviour isn’t clear cut to suggest that.</div>
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<strong>Boot into safe mode</strong></div>
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More often than not, it’s usually an app that sends your phone’s software into a tizzy. If you sense that the power button was ?ne until a software update or app installation, then try to see if your hunch is correct. And just like you would on your Windows PC, the Nexus 4 also allows you to boot into safe mode to see if everything is working hunky dory or not. You can start up your device in safe mode, which temporarily disables third-party apps that you’ve installed.</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ensure your device’s screen is on, then press & hold the Power button.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Touch and hold the Power off option in the dialog box.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Touch OK in the following dialog to boot into safe mode.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Try using your device in safe mode to see if the problem persists. If it doesn’t, restart your device to get it out of safe mode and uninstall recently installed apps to see if you can pinpoint the one that’s causing the problem.</li>
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<img alt="" src="http://static.digit.in/fckeditor/Hardik%20images/news/nexus%20safe%20mode%20reboot.jpg" style="border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 400px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 940px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 225px;" /></div>
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If this doesn’t work, an alternate way of booting into safe mode is as follows:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Make sure your phone is off.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Now try to turn on your phone by pressing the power button, as always.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As your phone is booting, quickly hold down both the volume up and volume down buttons and keep them held until you see your phone’s home screen.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Notice that you should see a “Safe Mode” watermark at the bottom left part of the screen, to let you know that you are now in safe mode.</li>
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To exit safe mode, in either methods, you just restart your device as you normally would.</div>
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The beauty of safe mode is that while you can’t use third party apps in there, you can still uninstall them. So if your phone isn’t behaving as it should by throwing up problems ranging from constant freezing, disallowing you from uninstalling apps, first thing to do is to boot into safe mode. In addition, if you need to, you can backup your data or factory reset your device in safe mode.</div>
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Depending on the extent of your Nexus 4’s hardware privilege access (requested by apps when you download them), there are apps that could interfere with the native functionality of the Nexus 4 power button. From what we’ve seen, apps like battery indicators, widget managers, and even some launchers can be interfering with the power button’s ability to function normally. Usually, uninstalling these conflicting apps can solve the problems associated with the power button.</div>
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<strong>Dialing back to older OS</strong></div>
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It’s no secret that the latest installment of <a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/google-announces-android-4-4-kitkat-17374.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Android KitKat</a> 4.4.4 isn’t without its fair share of troubles for Nexus 4/5/7/10 users. From fast draining battery to unexpected and completely random device reboots, the firmware upgrade is leading to some strangely wonky behaviour among Nexus users who were perfectly happy with their device’s performance up until Android 4.3.</div>
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While there are a number of workarounds to help solve these issues across several Nexus devices, the problem associated with the Nexus 4’s malfunctioning power button is seemingly attributed to the same issue. While we won’t recommend dialing back to an older version of Android, but several Nexus users across the interweb have attested to the fact that their Nexus 4 power button woes have reduced or completely disappeared as soon as they’ve abandoned Android KitKat to go back a step in time and installed an older version of Android.</div>
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<img alt="" src="http://static.digit.in/fckeditor/Hardik%20images/news/safe%20maode%20nexus.jpg" style="border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 400px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 940px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 225px;" /></div>
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<strong>Making some setting tweaks</strong></div>
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A lot of users who have experienced the Nexus 4 power button ailments sort of disappear (regardless of which Android OS version they were on) or at least reduce substantially after they did some very basic tweaks highlighted below:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Go to Settings</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Click on Security</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Uncheck the box that says ‘Power button instantly locks’</li>
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We know this can be counter intuitive to the de facto way of using touchscreen phones these days, but this seems to have done the trick to quite a few Nexus 4 users complaining about the power button issues.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Go to Settings</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Click on Security</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Tap on the Screen Lock options</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Select anything but ‘Pattern’ mode of unlocking your handset</li>
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We’ve tried this step ourselves where a <a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/lg-nexus-4-e960-review-15011.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nexus 4</a> user we know from a long time had power button issues and he only ever used the pattern unlock mode. Turns out, quite a few Nexus 4 users on troubleshooting forums online had a similar mode of unlocking their device. And when they including us) shifted to another mode of unlocking the phone (PIN, for example), it seemed to have reduced the magnitude of the misfiring power button blunders. At least that’s what we’ve perceived for a while, puzzled about how it could work (if at all it did to some extent).</div>
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<strong>Unlock screen app alternatives</strong></div>
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Another way to get around this Nexus power button problem is to minimize hitting it as much as possible, and start using apps that help you lock and unlock the screen through simple flicks or taps – yeah, it’s that easy.</div>
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Try checking out apps like Tap Tap App (http://dgit.in/TapTapApp) – one we’ve tried ourselves. It lets you swipe across the Nexus 4’s proximity sensor to lock or unlock its screen and thereby completely bypass the need to compulsively press the power button every time. Take some time to read how to use it and get the hang of it, and as long as you do that you’re pretty much sorted. Another app to consider using is Screen Off and Lock (http://dgit.in/ScrOffAndLock).</div>
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<img alt="" src="http://static.digit.in/fckeditor/Hardik%20images/news/screen%20off%20and%20lock.jpg" style="border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 400px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 940px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 225px;" /></div>
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<strong>Taking a closer look at the power button’s assembly</strong></div>
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This should be the absolute final step in your process to troubleshoot and find a remedy for the irritating power button behaviour on your Nexus device.</div>
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Don’t follow just any online guide, as you may damage your phone beyond repair. But iFixit’s guide on replacing the Power button on the Nexus 4 is pretty detailed with lots of indicative images, so you’d want to take a closer look at that.</div>
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You can also lookup Nexus 4 teardown videos on YouTube before prying it open yourself. But remember: it’s always a good idea to consult an expert – your local smartphone repair guy – in this matter if you’re nervous or not understanding what you’re doing with the device.</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-87583904170175719132014-10-10T06:52:00.001-07:002014-10-10T06:52:28.596-07:00Xiaomi update: Mi3 won't sell in India any more,Mi3 to be replaced by Mi4<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The much talked about Xiaomi Mi3 has gone out of production in India. According to company VP <a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/xiaomis-hugo-barra-talks-mi3-shortage-strategy-mi4-and-more-23515.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hugo Barra</a>, the <a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/xiaomi-mi3-review-23343.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mi3</a> has been replaced by the <a href="http://www.digit.in/slideshows/hands-on-xiaomi-mi4-1.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Xiaomi Mi4</a> in the production lines, which is supposed to launch in India by the end of the year or early 2015. The company will still offer some units of the Mi3 in the coming few months, but no more full fledged sales for the Mi3 will be organised. The company will presumably finish up the inventory that it currently has, while preparing for the Mi4.</div>
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Point in fact, Xiaomi recently sent emails to Mi3 customers who have tried to purchase the device more than five times unsuccessfully. The Mi3 was automatically added to their carts on Flipkart and a mail was sent informing them of the same. Xiaomi will continue to sell the devices for some more time, but no new units are being produced. The device will be replaced by the Mi4 as the flagship in country.</div>
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<img alt="" src="http://static.digit.in/fckeditor/Prasid%20images/Xiaomi%20Mi3/_KUN6734.jpg" style="border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 400px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; max-width: 940px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 650px;" /></div>
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Meanwhile, Xiaomi is preparing to bring out its Redmi Note smartphone in India. Barra said that the device should be coming soon and the company is working on the final steps required. In addition, Barra also mentioned that Xiaomi has solved the heating issues in the <a href="http://www.digit.in/mobile-phones/xiaomi-redmi-1s-review-23739.html" style="border: 0px; color: #ff0048; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Redmi 1S</a> smartphone, which led to performance issues. Xiaomi will be pushing an OTA update soon, which will rectify the heating issues and consequent performance drop in the device.</div>
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Lastly, in what should be good news for Xiaomi aficionados, Barra said that the company will be bringing more units of its products. According to him, Xiaomi flash sales should last more than just a few seconds from now on. The company recently sold about one lakh units of the Redmi 1S during Flipkart’s Big Billion Day </div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-30949888760130129032014-10-10T06:43:00.001-07:002014-10-10T06:43:41.564-07:00 Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi Are Awarded Nobel Peace Prize<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="place_cont" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; text-transform: uppercase;"><img alt="Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi Are Awarded Nobel Peace Prize" height="480" src="http://www.ndtv.com/news/images/kailash-satyarthi-malala-yousafzai-together-AFp-360.jpg" width="640" /></span><br />
<span class="place_cont" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; text-transform: uppercase;">BERLIN: </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> Reaching across gulfs of age, gender, faith, nationality and even international celebrity, the Norwegian Nobel Committee on Friday awarded the 2014 peace prize to Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan and Kailash Satyarthi of India, joining a teenage Pakistani known around the world with an Indian veteran of campaigns to end child labor and free children from trafficking. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Malala, 17, is the youngest recipient of the $1.1 million prize since it was created in 1901. Satyarthi is 60. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The awards were announced in Oslo by Thorbjorn Jagland, the committee's chairman, who said: "The Nobel Committee regards it as an important point for a Hindu and a Muslim, an Indian and a Pakistani, to join in a common struggle for education and against extremism." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">"Children must go to school and not be financially exploited," Jagland said. "It is a prerequisite for peaceful global development that the rights of children and young people be respected. In conflict-ridden areas in particular, the violation of children leads to the continuation of violence from generation to generation. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">"Showing great personal courage, Kailash Satyarthi, maintaining Gandhi's tradition, has headed various forms of protests and demonstrations, all peaceful, focusing on the grave exploitation of children for financial gain," Jagland said. "He has also contributed to the development of important international conventions on children's rights." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Despite his works, Satyarthi is not nearly so widely known as Malala, who was shot in the head by the Taliban in 2012 for campaigning on behalf of girls' education in the Swat Valley of Pakistan. She was 15 at the time. Since then, she has become a global emblem of her struggle, celebrated on television and publishing a memoir. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">She "has already fought for several years for the right of girls to education and has shown by example that children and young people, too, can contribute to improving their own situations," Jagland said. "This she has done under the most dangerous circumstances. Through her heroic struggle, she has become a leading spokesperson for girls' rights to education." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">In the speculation that invariably precedes the announcement of the award, Malala had been a favorite for two successive years. This year, some forecasters spoke of Pope Francis, and others said it was likely the committee would withhold the prize, as it last did during the Vietnam War in 1972 because the global horizon seemed so scarred by conflict. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The nomination of Malala, however, seemed in part to be intended as an inspirational message, offering a counterpoint to conflicts in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and elsewhere. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Last year, Malala won several European awards and published a memoir of her experiences, "I Am Malala." The title echoed the circumstances of her shooting. When the Taliban gunman boarded her bus, he called out, "Who is Malala?" As she noted in an interview last year, her voice is now heard "in every corner of the world." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">British news reports said Malala was at school in Birmingham, England, where she has lived since being treated for her gunshot wounds, when the prize was announced and was taken out of her class to be informed of the award. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">In many ways, her story has come to symbolize the trauma of modern Pakistan, as the nuclear-armed nation has struggled to reconcile the opposing forces of violent Islamism and those who envision a progressive, forward-facing future for their country. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The Taliban were the reason that Malala had come to public prominence. She wrote a blog in 2009 that detailed life in the Swat Valley under Taliban rule, at a time when bearded fighters, armed with Kalashnikovs, had terrorized the valley's residents and made particular efforts to shut schools where girls were being educated. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">After the Taliban were expelled from Swat, Malala went on to become a national media figure. Malala spoke passionately about the need for peace and education for girls on television programs. She was encouraged by her schoolmaster father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, who had nurtured his daughter as an outspoken advocate from an early age. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">But that advocacy earned the wrath of the Taliban, which convened a secret meeting to plan her assassination. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">In the months after her recovery, Malala took the first steps toward establishing her global celebrity. She met with President Barack Obama and his family in the White House and was lionized by a host of celebrities. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">News of the Nobel Prize on Friday inspired jubilation and well-wishers in the Swat Valley, who spilled onto the streets and distribute sweets in a traditional celebration. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">"We have no words to express our feelings," said Ahmad Shah, a family friend, speaking by phone from Mingora, the main town in the region. "Her efforts have been recognized by the world with this great prize. This is a victory for the people of Swat and of Pakistan." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Shah said he had spoken to Malala's exiled father, who had called from England to gauge the reaction in the area. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">For months after the attack on Malala, some residents criticized the schoolgirl, fearing publicity around her case would invite further Taliban attacks. But now, Shah said he told her father by phone, "even those who were opposing Malala are happy." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Some residents, however, clung to the conspiracy theories that have dogged Malala's reputation in Pakistan. "Her shooting was a ready-made drama that was created by foreign powers," said Ghulam Farooq, the editor of a small local newspaper. "She has no real role in this Swat conflict." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">In India, Satyarthi, a former engineer, has long been associated with the struggle to free bonded laborers, some born into their condition and others lured into servitude. For decades, he has sought to rid India of child slavery and has liberated more than 75,000 bonded and child laborers in the country. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Satyarthi began working for children's rights in 1980 as the general secretary of the Bonded Labor Liberation Front, an organization dedicated to freeing bonded laborers forced to work to pay off debts, real or imagined. He also founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan, or Save the Children Mission, an organization dedicated to ending bonded labor and saving children from trafficking. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">"This is a very happy moment for every Indian," he said in comments aired on the Indian news channel NDTV on Friday. "If with my humble efforts the voice of tens of millions of children in the world who are living in servitude is being heard, congratulations to all." </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">For the previous two years, the prize had been awarded to international bodies: the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2013 and the European Union in 2012.</span></div>
Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-47587544176930958382014-10-10T06:34:00.003-07:002016-01-13T06:31:09.746-08:00Alien Mystery:Electric light of egypt-Did the Egyptians Posses Elecrticity 3000 years earlier?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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It is a widespread belief in alternative science that our forefathers possessed a much greater technological knowledge than our schoolbook science is willing to accept. Many of those theories are lacking serious foundation and are often based on overdrawn speculations [ like the <a href="http://www.doernenburg.alien.de/alternativ/manna/man00.php" style="color: #448899; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Manna machine</a> ].</div>
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<img alt="The Lamp" class="cnolink" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_lamp.jpg" height="410" width="640" /><br />
<i><br />In the temple of Hathor at Dendera, several dozens of kilometers<br />north of Luxor, there are reliefs interpreted by some "experts" as lamps.</i></div>
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But the theory that electricity was known and used in antiquity seems to rest on a much more stable foundation. The key to the whole theory lies a few hundred kilometers east of Egypt, in today's Iraq. There some strange pots were found. Some contained watertight copper cylinders, glued into the opening with asphalt. In the middle of the cylinder was an iron rod, held in place also with asphalt. The excavator who found the first of these pots in 1936 was sure: this is a galvanic element, a primitive battery. Reconstructions did indeed show that it was possible to create electricity with it. </div>
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Another key element for the electro-thesis is actually something that is missing.<br />
It's a riddle where schoolbook science is capitulating. Soot. In none of the many thousands of subterranean tombs and pyramid shafts was found a single trace of soot, as we are told by the authors of the electro-thesis, although many of these tombs are full of often colourful paintings. But the primitive light sources the Egyptians knew (candles, oil lamps etc.) are always leaving soot and are using oxygen. So how DID the Egyptians get their light? Some rationalists are arguing with mirrors, but the quality of the copper plates the Egyptians used as mirrors were not good enough for that.</div>
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<img alt="Tempel" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_dend_temp.jpg" height="177" width="483" /><i><br /><br />Temple of Hathor in Dendera</i></div>
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In this temple in Dendera, several dozens of kilometers north of Luxor, some experts found the light. A Norwegian electrical engineer noticed that the object shown on the relief on top of this page could work as a lamp. An Austrian colleague was able to construct a working model, and two well known authors in the AAS, Peter Krassa and Rainer Habeck, could even work out a real theory based on it. What we see is without question a form of bulb, with two arms reaching into it near its thick end, and a sort of cable at the other end, from where a snake is leaping out to touch the arms on the other side. The whole ensemble really looks like a lamp.</div>
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<img alt="Lamp 1" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_sued1.jpg" height="487" width="640" /></div>
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<i>Another picture from the crypts of Dendera:<br />Eastern relief on south wall</i></div>
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Is this the proof? Did the Egyptians know and use electric lights? If so, where did they get the principle from? Was it from their own invention, or did they have help?</div>
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Soot and Lamps</h3>
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Before I go into the details of Dendera, I will examine some of the circumstantial evidence. That's because some points several authors use to prepare the "light mystery" are in contrast to what I have seen personally. Here are two of many quotes:</div>
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<i>"Krassa and Habeck are telling us, that torches, oil lamps or candles are emitting soot on a large scale, which must be detecteable on walls and ceilings. But that is not the case."[ 1 ]</i></div>
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or</div>
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<i>"In the Roman and Greek world torches and oil lamps were used to light the buildings. Wherever places are left where such devices were positioned, we can find traces of soot on the walls and ceilings. But in ancient Egypt ... we can find these combustion traces nowhere."[ 2 ]</i></div>
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Well, I have been in Egypt several times now, and I never had a problem to detect soot in pyramids and tombs. As an example here the soot covered burial chamber walls of the Red Pyramid of Dahschur:</div>
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<img alt="Soot in Red Pyramid" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_russrot.jpg" height="305" width="199" /><br />
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<i>Soot in burial chamber</i></div>
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This chamber is completely above ground, built by Snofru, father of the builder of the Great Pyramid, Khufu. The soot seems to be millimeters thick, and if one goes through the pyramid passages in Egypt a look at the ceiling is enough to find soot in abundance.</div>
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The oldest comment known to me about soot in the Great Pyramid is from John Greaves, in a book from 1638!![ 3 ]</div>
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The passages and chambers in Egyptian pyramids were built with a few exceptions in open ditches like the example of Abu Roasch below. A large dugout was furnished with several layers of floor- and wall blocks, the sarcophagus was lowered into the open chamber, ornamented wall parts, finished outside, were lifted down and put in place, the roof was positioned, and then the ditch was refilled. The whole construction process took place in broad daylight.</div>
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<img alt="Ausschachtung Abu Roasch" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_abuschacht1.jpg" height="303" width="200" /> <img alt="Ausschachtung Abu Roasch" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_rainer_roasch.jpg" height="303" width="205" /></div>
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<i>Abu Roasch - Trench for burial chamber</i></div>
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The great chambers of the red pyramid, and the passages in the great Pyramid, also were built in full daylight. The whole time, until the last ceiling block was positioned years after the chamber was begun, all tasks like polishing and furnishing the walls and roof beams could be done in daylight. Why should there be soot in such constructions? In the pyramid age only very few construction projects needed artificial light, like the Djoser-labyrinth and the underground passage and chamber in Khufu's pyramid.</div>
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It's the same with the decorated chambers of the pyramids of the 5th and 6th dynasty. All decorations could be put to the wall blocks in broad daylight which were then covered afterwards. Even most of the private mastaba tombs could be finished with no artificial light. So missing soot in all these constructions would be no mystery at all. </div>
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Well, but what IS funny: In all these buildings which did not need any artificial lighting, soot can be found. Even the walls of the crypts where those supposed light bulb reliefs were found are covered with soot, as this picture shows::</div>
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<img alt="Soot on Dendera-Relief" border="0" class="cent" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/fd_suedruss.jpg" height="473" width="640" /><br />
<i><br />Dendera - Soot on lamp relief</i></div>
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The original white color of the lime stone can be seen on the edges of the re-set block...</div>
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The book quotes from above have now been falsified twice. For one, many of the passages needed no artificial lighting, and second they also contain lots of soot.</div>
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The source of the soot is pretty clear: almost all buildings have been opened in antiquity and were tourist attractions through the centuries, even millenia. For example: Greek writings were found in the subterran chamber of the Great Pyramid.</div>
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There were thousands of visitors in them, and every single one of them, until the beginning of the 20th century, had to use oil lamps, candles or open flame torches to get light. And all those people spent a much larger amount of time in those buildings than the original builders.</div>
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<b>Preliminary evaluation</b></div>
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One of the major foundational arguments for the lamp idea has disappeared. We now see that that the "no soot" argument is definitively untrue, as even buildings which did not need light during construction time have soot in them. A bad situation which can even get worse... Let's take a look at </div>
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<b>Smoking lamps</b></div>
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This was my first lesson in how slow riddles are dying in alternative science. Because the first time I discussed this topic was even before I had connection to Usenet: in 1989!</div>
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I hadn't written anything critical about Dendera or even Daeniken yet - that was still five years in the future. But Daenikens new book "In den Augen der Sphinx" had just been published, and the passage I quoted on top of the page was discussed in one group of the so called "Maus-Netz".</div>
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Well, if Daeniken was right, then all churches, houses and palaces before the invention of electric light must have been soot holes, because they all had candles or oil lamps as primary light sources. I hadn't noticed that, so there was a chance, that Daeniken was wrong. So I concluded that an experiment was necessary here.</div>
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I took an ash tray, filled it with olive oil, formed a wick out of cotton wool, and soaked it with oil. Then I put the wick onto the side of the bowl so that it stuck out about 5 mm over the rim. I lit it - and it produced a steady, smokeless flame. Only an extremely long wick lead to an emission of soot.</div>
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I put a white dish over the flame, about 50 cm high, but I was unable to detect any trace of soot even after a long time. And it was nice to find out after some years that even experts like the famous material experts Clarke/Engelbach shared my opinion: </div>
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<i>"Many visitors to the monuments express surprise that the painting could have been carried out in the darkness of the tombs and in the dim light of the temples. The Egyptian lamp was of the simplest type, merely a wick floating in oil. It is not infrequently represented in the scenes in the tombs, where it usually takes the form of an open receptacle mounted on a tall foot which, in the smaller examples, can be grasped in the hand. In the pictures, there arise from the receptacle what we may assume to be wicks or flames, always curved over the top as if blown by a current of air. Stand lamps in limestone have been found in the pyramid of El-Lahun, and representations of them in stone in the 'Labrinth' at Hawara. In Egyptian houses, small dishes were also used as lamps. They usually have their rims pinched into a spout ...</i></div>
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<i>The absence of smoke-blackening in the tombs of the kings is also no difficult explanation. If olive-oil is used, there is very little smoke, and a suitable covering over the lamp, for which various methods readily suggest themselves, would very easily prevent carbon being deposited on the ceiling."[ 4 ]</i></div>
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And even from the region where artificial light was most necessary we have notes from the Egyptians themselves: The many 100 m long tombs in the Valley of the Kings were definitively lighted with oil lamps and wicks, since we have <b>protocols about wicks and lamps handed out to the workers each day</b> from the Valley of the Kings - where it was carefully documented how many wicks of what length, and how much oil was given to each worker - there is no mystery at all how these tombs were illuminated. There is no place for pharaonic flash lights.[ 5 ]</div>
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After I posted my results to the "Maus" I made first contact with the wide spread unwillingness in alternative science to accept unpleasant results. "Bullsh*t", "nonsense", "I don't believe you", were the comments to my sootless lamps. I wrote back "People, you mustn't believe me, just try it out for yourselves.". Again I drew a blank: "I don't need to try it out, I know what happens and it's not what you are posting here" was the only reaction.</div>
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Yes, and THAT is precisely the reason why the "mystery of the soot" is still part of every new publication and of at least one "mystery park".... </div>
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<b>Conclusion:</b></div>
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Well, as Mr. Spock would say. "Fascinating". None of the premises of the soot fans are correct. There is soot, although the Egyptian lamps were almost sootless and even buildings in no need of artificial illumination contain soot. This whole argument is as wrong as an argument can be. But just because we are sure that the soot comes from non-Egyptian sources it is still no evidence that can be used to propose alternative lighting methods.</div>
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BTW: It is possible to reduce soot from oil lamps by putting salt into the oil. I didn't try it out because I couldn't get soot even without salt in the oil... </div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-34279967936208348762014-10-10T05:46:00.000-07:002016-01-13T06:32:48.063-08:00Alien mystery:The Voynich Mauscript the book from another planet?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Voynich Manuscript</span></h2>
Written in Central Europe at the end of the 15th or during the 16th century, the origin, language, and date of the Voynich Manuscript—named after the Polish-American antiquarian bookseller, Wilfrid M. Voynich, who acquired it in 1912—are still being debated as vigorously as its puzzling drawings and undeciphered text. Described as a magical or scientific text, nearly every page contains botanical, figurative, and scientific drawings of a provincial but lively character, drawn in ink with vibrant washes in various shades of green, brown, yellow, blue, and red.<br />
<span style="background-color: #f7f6f4; font-size: 16px;">The Voynich Manuscript is considered to be 'The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World'. To this day this medieval artifact resists all efforts at translation. It is either an ingenious hoax or an unbreakable cipher. The manuscript is named after its discoverer, the American antique book dealer and collector, Wilfrid M. Voynich, who discovered it in 1912, amongst a collection of ancient manuscripts kept in villa Mondragone in Frascati, near Rome, which had been by then turned into a Jesuit College (closed in 1953).</span><br />
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Based on the evidence of the calligraphy, the drawings, the vellum, and the pigments, Wilfrid Voynich estimated that the Manuscript was created in the late 13th century. The manuscript is small, seven by ten inches, but thick, nearly 235 pages. It is written in an unknown script of which there is no known other instance in the world.</div>
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<i>The Voynich Manuscript is a cipher manuscript, sometimes attributed to Roger Bacon.<br />Scientific text in an unidentified language, in cipher, possibly written in central Europe in the 15th century.</i></div>
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It is abundantly illustrated with awkward coloured drawings of::</div>
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<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">unidentified plants; </li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">what seems to be herbal recipes; </li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">tiny naked women frolicking in bathtubs connected by intricate plumbing looking more like anatomical parts than hydraulic contraptions; </li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">mysterious charts in which some have seem astronomical objects seen through a telescope, some live cells seen through a microscope; </li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">charts into which you may see a strange calendar of zodiacal signs, populated by tiny naked people in rubbish bins.</li>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_13_pg78.jpg" height="525" width="477" /></div>
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<i>Detail from page 78r of Voynich Manuscript depicting the "biological" section</i></div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/voynich_sample1.jpg" height="495" width="674" /></div>
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<i>"Tiny naked women frolicking in bathtubs" </i>- a fragment of page 70<i><br />Copyright: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University</i>Page 70r <a href="http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/dl_crosscollex/brbldl_getrec.asp?fld=img&id=1006200" style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Image Source >></a></div>
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No one really knows the origins of the manuscript. The experts believe it is European They believe it was written between the 15th and 17th centuries.</div>
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From a piece of paper which was once attached to the Voynich manuscript, and which is now stored in one of the boxes belonging with the Voynich manuscript holdings of the Beinecke library, it is known that the manuscript once formed part of the private library of Petrus Beckx S.J., 22nd general of the Society of Jesus.</div>
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A sample of untranslatable text from the Voynich manuscript</div>
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There is no other example of the language in which the manual is written.<br />
It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any relationship to any English or European letter system. The text has no apparent corrections. There is evidence for two different "languages" (investigated by Currier and D'Imperio) and more than one scribe, probably indicating an ambiguous coding scheme.</div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/awr_6vm1.jpg" height="158" width="487" /></div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_13_csample2.gif" height="423" width="427" /></div>
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The VM is written in a language of which no other example is known to exist. It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any relationship to any English or European letter system. </div>
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Apparently, Voynich wanted to have the mysterious manuscript deciphered and provided photographic copies to a number of experts. However, despite the efforts of many well known cryptologists and scholars, the book remains unread. There are some claims of decipherment, but to date, none of these can be substantiated with a complete translation. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">View Voynich photos</span></b></div>
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<i>curtesy of the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University.</i></div>
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<a href="http://www.world-mysteries.com/voynich1006200.jpg" style="color: navy; font-size: 8pt;" target="_blank"><img border="2" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/voynich1006200s.jpg" height="495" width="456" /></a><br />
Click on image to enlarge. Page 70r <a href="http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/dl_crosscollex/brbldl_getrec.asp?fld=img&id=1006200" style="color: navy; font-size: 8pt;">Image Source >></a> <i><br />Copyright: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University</i></div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_13_85v.jpg" height="520" width="460" /></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-60660298521508785752014-10-10T05:32:00.000-07:002016-01-13T06:33:45.906-08:00Alien Mystery:The Antikythera Machine 2000 years old mechanical device!!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In 1901 divers working off the isle of Antikythera found the remains of a clocklike mechanism 2,000 years old. The mechanism now appears to have been a device for calculating the motions of stars and planets by Derek J. de Solla Price [ <i>From June 1959 Scientific American p.60-7 ]</i></div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_4a.jpg" height="422" width="400" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among the treasures of the Greek National Archaeological Museum in Athens are the remains of the most complex scientific object that has been preserved from antiquity. Corroded and crumbling from 2,000 years under the sea, its dials, gear wheels and inscribed plates present the historian with a tantalizing problem. </span></div>
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Because of them we may have to revise many of our estimates of Greek science. By studying them we may find vital clues to the true origins of that high scientific technology which hitherto has seemed peculiar to our modern civilization, setting it apart from all cultures of the past.</div>
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From the evidence of the fragments one can get a good idea of the appearance of the original object. Consisting of a box with dials on the outside and a very complex assembly of gear wheels mounted within, it must have resembled a well- made 18ih-century clock. Doors hinged to the box served to protect the dials, and on all available surfaces of box, doors and dials there were long Greek inscriptions describing the operation and construction of the instrument. At least 20 gear wheels of the mechanism have been preserved, including a very sophisticated assembly of gears that were mounted eccentrically on a turntable and probably functioned as a sort of epicyclic or differential, gear-system.</div>
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Nothing like this instrument is preserved elsewhere. Nothing comparable to it is known. from any ancient scientific text or literary allusion. On the contrary, from all that we know of science and technology in the Hellenistic Age we should have felt that such a device could not exist. Some historians have suggested that the Greeks were not interested in experiment because of a contempt-perhaps induced by the existence of the institution of slavery-for manual labor. On the other hand it has long been recognized that in abstract mathematics and in mathematical astronomy they were no beginners but rather "fellows of another college" who reached great heights of sophistication. Many of the Greek scientific devices known to us from written descriptions show much mathematical ingenuity, but in all cases the purely mechanical part of the design seems relatively crude. Gearing was clearly known to the Greeks, but it was used only in relatively simple applications. They employed pairs of gears to change angular speed or mechanical ad- vantage, or to apply power through a right angle, as in the water-driven mill.</div>
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Even the most complex mechanical devices described by the ancient writers Hero of Alexandria and Vitruvius contained only simple gearing. For example, the taximeter used by the Greeks to measure the distance travelled by the wheels of a carriage employed only pairs of gears (or gears and worms) to achieve the necessary ratio of movement. It could be argued that if the Greeks knew the principle of gearing, they should have had no difficulty in constructing mechanisms as complex as epicyclic gears. We now know from the fragments in the National Museum that the Greeks did make such mechanisms, but the knowledge is so unexpected that some scholars at first thought that the fragments must belong to some more modern device.</div>
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Can we in fact be sure that the device is ancient? If we can, what was its purpose? What can it tell us of the ancient world and of the evolution of modern science? To authenticate the dating of the fragments We must. tell the story of their discovery, which involves the first (though inadvertent) adventure in underwater archaeology. Just before Easter in 1900 a party of Dodecanese sponge-divers were driven by storm to anchor near the tiny southern Greek island of Antikythera (the accent is on the "kyth," pronounced to rhyme with pith). There, at a depth of some 200 feet, they found the wreck of an ancient ship. With the help of Greek archaeologists the wreck was explored; several fine bronze and marble statues and other objects were recovered. The finds created great excitement, but the difficulties of diving without heavy equipment were immense, and in September, 1901, the "dig' was abandoned. Eight months later Valerios StaÎs, an archaeologist at the National Museum, was examining some calcified lumps of corroded bronze that had been set aside as possible pieces of broken statuary. Suddenly he recognized among them the fragments of a mechanism.</div>
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It is now accepted that the wreck occurred during the first century B.C. Gladys Weinberg of Athens has been kind enough to report to me the results of several recent archaeological examinations of the amphorae, pottery and minor objects from the ship. It appears from her report that one might reason-ably date the wreck more closely as 65 B.C. ±15 years. Furthermore, since the identifiable objects come from Rhodes and Cos, it seems that the ship may have. been voyaging from these islands to Rome, perhaps without calling at the Greek mainland.<br />
The fragment that first caught the eye of StaÎs was one of the corroded, inscribed plates that is an integral part of the Antikythera mechanism, as the device later came to be called. StaÎs saw immediately that the inscription was ancient. In the opinion of the epigrapher Benjamin Dean Meritt, the forms of the letters are those of the 'first century B.C.; they could hardly be older than 100 B.C. nor younger than the time of Christ. The dating is supported by the content of the inscriptions. The words used and their astronomical sense are all of this period. For example, the most extensive and complete piece of inscription is part of a parapegma (astronomical calendar) similar to that written by one Geminos, who is thought to have lived in Rhodes about 77 B.C. We may thus be reasonably sure that the mechanism did not find its way into the wreck at some later period. Furthermore, it cannot have been very old when it was taken aboard the ship as booty or merchandise.</div>
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As soon as the fragments had been discovered they were examined by every available archaeologist; so began the long and difficult process of identifying the mechanism and determining its function. Some things were clear from the beginning. The unique importance of the object was obvious, and the gearing was impressively complex. From the inscriptions and the dials the mechanism was correctly identified as an astronomical device. The first conjecture was that it was some kind of navigating instrument – perhaps an astrolabe (a sort of circular star-finder map also used for simple observations). Some thought that it might be a small planetarium of the kind that Archirnedes is said to have made. Unfortunately the fragments were covered by a thick curtain of calcified material and corrosion products, and these concealed so much detail that no one could be sure of his conjectures or reconstructions. There was nothing to do but wait for the slow and delicate work of the Museum technicians in cleaning away this curtain. Meantime, as the work proceeded, several scholars published accounts of all that was visible, and through their labors a general picture of the mechanism began to emerge. On the basis of new photographs made for me by the Museum in 1955 I realized that the work of cleaning had reached a point where it might at last be possible to take the work of identification to a new level. Last summer, wilt the assistance of a grant from the American Philosophical Society, I was able to visit Athens and make a minute examination of the fragments. By good fortune George Stamires, a Greek epigrapher, was there at the same time; he was able to give me invaluable help by deciphering and transcribing much more of the inscriptions than had been read before. We are now in the position of being able to "join" the fragments and to see how they fitted together in the original machine and when they were brought up from the sea [see illustration]. The success of this work has been most significant, for previously it had been supposed that the various dials and plates had been badly squashed together and distorted. It now appears that most of the pieces are very nearly in their original places, and that we have a much larger fraction of the complete device than had been thought. This work also provides a clue to the puzzle of why the fragments lay unrecognized until StaÎs saw them. When they were found, the fragments were probably held together in their original positions by the remains of the wooden frame of the case. In the Museum the waterlogged wood dried and shriveled. The fragments then fell apart, revealing the interior of the mechanism, with its gears and inscribed plates. As a result of the new examinations we shall in due course be able to publish a technical account of the fragments and of the construction of the instrument. In the meantime we can tentatively summarize some of these results and show how they help to answer the question. What is it? There are four ways of getting at the answer First, if we knew the details of the mechanism, we should know what it did. Second, if we could read the dials, we could tell what they showed. Third, if we could understand the inscriptions, they might tell us about the mechanism. Fourth, if we knew of any similar mechanism, analogies might be helpful. All these approaches must be used, for none of them is complete.</div>
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The geared wheels within the mechanism were mounted on a bronze plate. On one side of the plate we can trace all the gear wheels of the assembly and can determine, at least approximately, how many teeth each had and how they meshed together. On the other side we can do nearly as well, but we still lack vital links that would provide a complete picture of the gearing. The general pattern of the mechanism is nonetheless quite clear. An input was provided by an axle that came through the side of the casing and turned a crown-gear wheel. This moved a big, four-spoked driving-wheel that was connected with two trains of gears that respectively led up and down the plate and were connected by axles to gears on the other side of the plate. On that side the gear-trains continued, leading through an epicyclic turntable and coming eventually to a set of shafts that turned the dial pointers. When the input axle was turned, the pointers all moved at various speeds around their dials.</div>
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Certain structural features of the mechanism deserve special attention. All the metal parts of the machine seem to have been cut from a single sheet of low-tin bronze about two millimeters thick; no parts were cast or made of another metal. There are indications that the maker may have used a sheet made much earlier–uniform metal plate of good quality was probably rare and expensive. All the gear wheels have been made with teeth of just the same angle (60 degrees) and size, so that any wheel could mesh with any other. There are signs that the machine was repaired at least twice; a spoke of the driving wheel has been mended, and a broken tooth in a small wheel has been replaced. This indicates that the machine actually worked. The casing was provided with three dials, one at the front and two at the back. The fragments of all of them are still covered with pieces of the doors of the casing and with other debris. Very little can be read on the dials, but there is hope that they can be cleaned sufficiently to provide information that might be decisive. The front dial is just clean enough to say exactly what it did. It has two scales, one of which is fixed and displays the names of the signs of the zodiac; the other is on a movable slip ring and shows the months of the year. Both scales are carefully marked off in degrees. The front dial fitted exactly over the main driving-wheel, which seems to have turned the pointer by means of an eccentric drum-assembly. Clearly this dial showed the annual motion of the sun in the zodiac. By means of key letters inscribed on the zodiac scale, corresponding to other letters on the parapegma calendar plate, it also showed the main risings and settings of bright stars and constellations throughout the year.</div>
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The back dials are more complex and less legible. The lower one had three slip rings; the upper, four. Each had a little subsidiary dial resembling the "seconds" dial of a watch. Each of the large dials is inscribed with lines about every six degrees, and between the lines there are letters and numbers. On the lower dial the letters and numbers seem to record "moon, so many hours; sun, so many hours"; we therefore suggest that this scale indicates the main lunar phenomena of phases and times of rising and setting. On the upper dial the inscriptions are much more crowded and might well present information on the risings and settings, stations and retrogradations of the planets known to the Greeks (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn).</div>
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Some of the technical details of the dials are especially interesting. The front dial provides the only known extensive specimen from antiquity of a scientifically graduated instrument. When we measure the accuracy of the graduations under the microscope, we find that their average error over the visible 45 degrees is about a quarter of a degree. The way in which the error varies suggests that the arc was first geometrically divided and then subdivided by eye only. Even more important, this dial may give a means of dating the instrument astronomically. The slip ring is necessary because the old Egyptian calendar, having no leap years, fell into error by 1/4 day every year; the month scale thus had to be adjusted by this amount. As they are preserved the two scales of the dial are out of phase by 13½ degrees. Standard tables show that this amount could only occur in the year 80 B.C. and (because we do not know the month) at all years just 120 years (i.e., 30 days divided by 1/4 day per year) before or after that date. Alternative dates are archaeologically unlikely: 200 B.C. is too early; 40 A.D. is too late. Hence, if the slip ring has not moved from its last position, it was set in. 80 B.C. Furthermore, if we are right in supposing that a fiducial mark near the month scale was put there originally to provide a means of setting that scale in case of accidental movement, we can tell more. This mark is exactly 1/2 degree away from the present position of the scale, and this implies that the mark was made two years before the setting. Thus, although the evidence is by no means conclusive, we are led to suggest that the instrument was made about 82 B.C., used for two years (just long enough for the repairs to have been needed) and then taken onto the ship within the next 30 years.</div>
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The fragments show that the original instrument carried at least four large areas of inscription: outside the front door, inside the back door, on the plate between the two back dials and on the parapegma plates near the front dial. As I have noted, there are also inscriptions around all the dials, and furthermore each part and hole would seem to have had identifying letters so that the pieces could be put together in the correct order and position. The main inscriptions are in a sorry state and only short snatches of them can be read. To provide an idea of their condition it need only be said that in some cases a plate has completely disappeared, leaving behind an impression of its letters, standing up in a mirror image, in relief on the soft corrosion products on the plate below. It is remarkable that such inscriptions can be read at all.</div>
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But even from the evidence of a few complete words one can get an idea of the subject matter. The sun is mentioned several times, and the planet Venus once; terms are used that refer to the stations and retrogradations of planets; the ecliptic is named. Pointers, apparently those of the dials, are mentioned. A line of one inscription signfficantly records "76 years, 19 years." This refers to the well-known Calippic cycle of 76 years, which is four times the Metonic cycle of 19 years, or 235 synodic (lunar) months. The next line includes the number "223," which refers to the eclipse cycle of 223 lunar months.</div>
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Putting together the information gathered so far, it seems reasonable to suppose that the whole purpose of the Antikythera device was to mechanize just this sort of cyclical relation, which was a strong feature of ancient astronomy. Using the cycles that have been mentioned, one could easily design gearing that would operate from one dial having a wheel that revolved annually, and turn by this gearing a series of other wheels which would move pointers indicating the sidereal, synodic and draconitic months. Similar cycles were known for the planetary phenomena; in fact, this type of arithmetical theory is the central theme of Seleucid Babylonian astronomy, which was transmitted to the Hellenistic world in the last few centuries B.C. Such arithmetical schemes are quite distinct from the geometrical theory of circles and epicycles in astronomy, which seems to have been essentially Greek. The two types of theory were unified and brought to their peak in the second century A.D. by Claudius Ptolemy, whose labors marked the triumph of the new mathematical attitude toward geometrical models that still characterizes physics today.</div>
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The Antikythera mechanism must therefore be an arithmetical counterpart of the much more familiar geometrical models of the solar system which were known to Plato and Archimedes and evolved into the orrery and the planetarium. The mechanism is like. a great astronomical clock without an escapement, or like a modern analogue computer which uses mechanical parts to save tedious calculation. It is a pity that we have no way of knowing whether the device was turned automatically or by hand. It might have been held in the hand and turned by a wheel at the side so that it would operate as a computer, possibly for astrological use. I feel it is more likely that it was permanently mounted, perhaps set in a statue, and displayed as an exhibition piece. In that case it might well have been turned by the power from a water clock or some other device. Perhaps it is just such a wondrous device that was mounted inside the famous Tower of Winds in Athens. It is certainly very similar to the great astronomical cathedral clocks that were built all over Europe during the Renaissance.</div>
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It is to the prehistory of the mechanical I clock that we must look for important analogies the Antikythera mechanism and for an assessment of its significance. Unlike other mechanical devices, the clock did not evolve from the simple to the complex. The oldest clocks of which we are well informed were the most complicated. All the evidence points to the fact that the clock started as an astronomical showpiece that happened also to indicate the time. Gradually the timekeeping functions became more important and the device that showed the marvelous clockwork of the heavens became subsidiary. Behind the astronomical clocks of the 14th century there stretches an unbroken sequence of mechanical models of astronomical theory. At the head of this sequence is the Antikythera mechanism. Following it are instruments and clocklike computers known from Islam, from China and India and from the European Middle Ages. The importance of this line is very great, because it was the tradition of clock- making that preserved most of man's skill in scientific fine mechanics. During the Renaissance the scientific instrument-makers evolved from the clockmakers. Thus the Antikythera mechanism is, in a way, the venerable progenitor of all our present plethora of scientific hardware.</div>
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A significant passage in this story has to do with the astronomical computers of Islam. Preserved complete at the Museum of History of Science at Oxford is a 13th-century Islamic geared calendar-computer that has various periods built into it, so that it shows on dials the various cycles of the sun and moon. This design can be traced back, with slightly different periods but a similar arrangement of gears, to a manuscript written by the astronomer al-Biruni about 1000 A.D. Such instruments am much simpler than the Antikythera mechanism, but they show so many points of agreement in technical detail that it seems clear they came from a common tradition. The same 60-degree gear teeth are used; wheels are mounted on square-shanked axles; the geometrical layout of the gear assembly appears comparable. It was just at this time that Islam was drawing on Greek knowledge and rediscovering ancient Greek texts. It seems likely that the Antikythera tradition was part of a large corpus of knowledge that has since been lost to us but was known to the Arabs. It was developed and transmitted by them to medieval Europe, where it .became the foundation for the whole range of subsequent invention in the field of clockwork.<br />
On the one hand the Islamic devices knit the whole story together, and demonstrate that it is through ancestry and not mere coincidence that the Antikythera mechanism resembles a modern clock. On the other hand they show that the Antikythera mechanism was no flash in the pan but was a part of an important current in Hellenistic civilization. History has contrived to keep that current dark to us, and only the accidental underwater preservation of fragments that would otherwise have crumbled to dust has now brought it to light. It is a bit frightening to know that just before the fall of their great civilization the ancient Greeks had come so close to our age, not only in their thought, but also in their scientific technology.</div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/NAMA_Machine_d'Anticyth%C3%83%C2%A8re_5.jpg" style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;"><img alt="Image:NAMA Machine d'Anticythère 5.jpg" border="0" src="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_4_reconstr.jpg" height="601" width="334" /></a></div>
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<i>Reconstruction of the mechanism by pr. Derek de Solla Price, in collaboration<br />with the National Scientific Research Center Démokritos and the physicist CH Karakalos. Image source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:NAMA_Machine_d'Anticyth%C3%83%C2%A8re_5.jpg" style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></i></div>
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Rebuilding of the machine of Anticythère: it is the result of research of the pr. Derek de Solla Price, in collaboration with the National Scientific Research Center Démokritos and the physicist CH Karakalos who carried out the x-ray tomography of the original and the mechanism reconstituted to show their operation. Price built a rectangular box of 0.33 X 0.17 X 0.10 m with plates of information and protection, carrying Greek inscriptions of planets. The mechanism is a complex set of 32 gears of various sizes, turning at different speeds. The mechanism was offered by the pr. Price to the national Museum in 1980 and remains the reference for the study of the original despite the fact that its construction has been subject to much criticism. National archaeological museum, Athens, n°BE 109/1980.</div>
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An ancient piece of clockwork shows the deep roots<br />of modern technology</h3>
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WHEN a Greek sponge diver called Elias Stadiatos discovered the wreck of a cargo ship off the tiny island of Antikythera in 1900, it was the statues lying on the seabed that made the greatest impression on him. He returned to the surface, removed his helmet, and gabbled that he had found a heap of dead, naked women. The ship's cargo of luxury goods also included jewellery, pottery, fine furniture, wine and bronzes dating back to the first century BC. But the most important finds proved to be a few green, corroded lumps—the last remnants of an elaborate mechanical device.</div>
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The Antikythera mechanism, as it is now known, was originally housed in a wooden box about the size of a shoebox, with dials on the outside and a complex assembly of bronze gear wheels within. X-ray photographs of the fragments, in which around 30 separate gears can be distinguished, led the late Derek Price, a science historian at Yale University, to conclude that the device was an astronomical computer capable of predicting the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac on any given date. A new analysis, though, suggests that the device was cleverer than Price thought, and reinforces the evidence for his theory of an ancient Greek tradition of complex mechanical technology.</div>
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Michael Wright, the curator of mechanical engineering at the Science Museum in London, has based his new analysis on detailed X-rays of the mechanism using a technique called linear tomography. This involves moving an X-ray source, the film and the object being investigated relative to one another, so that only features in a particular plane come into focus. Analysis of the resulting images, carried out in conjunction with Allan Bromley, a computer scientist at Sydney University, found the exact position of each gear, and suggested that Price was wrong in several respects.</div>
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In some cases, says Mr Wright, Price seems to have “massaged” the number of teeth on particular gears (most of which are, admittedly, incomplete) in order to arrive at significant astronomical ratios. Price's account also, he says, displays internal contradictions, selective use of evidence and unwarranted speculation. In particular, it postulates an elaborate reversal mechanism to get some gears to turn in the right direction.</div>
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Since so little of the mechanism survives, some guesswork is unavoidable. But Mr Wright noticed a fixed boss at the centre of the mechanism's main wheel. To his instrument-maker's eye, this was suggestive of a fixed central gear around which other moving gears could rotate. This does away with the need for Price's reversal mechanism and leads to the idea that the device was specifically designed to model a particular form of “epicyclic” motion.</div>
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The Greeks believed in an earth-centric universe and accounted for celestial bodies' motions using elaborate models based on epicycles, in which each body describes a circle (the epicycle) around a point that itself moves in a circle around the earth. Mr Wright found evidence that the Antikythera mechanism would have been able to reproduce the motions of the sun and moon accurately, using an epicyclic model devised by Hipparchus, and of the planets Mercury and Venus, using an epicyclic model derived by Apollonius of Perga. (These models, which predate the mechanism, were subsequently incorporated into the work of Claudius Ptolemy in the second century AD.)</div>
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A device that just modelled the motions of the sun, moon, Mercury and Venus does not make much sense. But if an upper layer of mechanism had been built, and lost, these extra gears could have modelled the motions of the three other planets known at the time—Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. In other words, the device may have been able to predict the positions of the known celestial bodies for any given date with a respectable degree of accuracy, using bronze pointers on a circular dial with the constellations of the zodiac running round its edge.</div>
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Mr Wright devised a putative model in which the mechanisms for each celestial body stack up like layers in a sandwich, and started building it in his workshop. The completed reconstruction, details of which appeared in an article in the Horological Journal in May, went on display this week at Technopolis, a museum in Athens. By winding a knob on the side, celestial bodies can be made to advance and retreat so that their positions on any chosen date can be determined. Mr Wright says his device could have been built using ancient tools because the ancient Greeks had saws whose teeth were cut using v-shaped files—a task that is similar to the cutting of teeth on a gear wheel. He has even made several examples by hand.</div>
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How closely this reconstruction matches up to the original will never be known. The purpose of two dials on the back of the device is still unclear, although one may indicate the year. Nor is the device's purpose obvious: it may have been an astrological computer, used to speed up the casting of horoscopes, though it might just as easily have been a luxury plaything. But Mr Wright is convinced that his epicyclic interpretation is correct, and that the original device modelled the entire known solar system.</div>
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The Greeks had a word for it</h4>
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That tallies with ancient sources that refer to such devices. Cicero, writing in the first century BC, mentions an instrument “recently constructed by our friend Poseidonius, which at each revolution reproduces the same motions of the sun, the moon and the five planets.” Archimedes is also said to have made a small planetarium, and two such devices were said to have been rescued from Syracuse when it fell in 212BC. This reconstruction suggests such references can now be taken literally.</div>
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It also provides strong support for Price's theory. He believed that the mechanism was strongly suggestive of an ancient Greek tradition of complex mechanical technology which, transmitted via the Arab world, formed the basis of European clockmaking techniques. This fits with another, smaller device that was acquired in 1983 by the Science Museum, which models the motions of the sun and moon. Dating from the sixth century AD, it provides a previously missing link between the Antikythera mechanism and later Islamic calendar computers, such as the 13th century example at the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford. That device, in turn, uses techniques described in a manuscript written by al-Biruni, an Arab astronomer, around 1000AD.</div>
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The origins of much modern technology, from railway engines to robots, can be traced back to the elaborate mechanical toys, or automata, that flourished in the 18th century. Those toys, in turn, grew out of the craft of clockmaking. And that craft, like so many other aspects of the modern world, seems to have roots that can be traced right back to ancient Greece.</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-88305534065291576112014-10-09T07:50:00.003-07:002014-10-09T07:50:33.140-07:00Ten Facts about Sherlock Holmes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Sherlock Holmes was originally going to be called Sherrinford. </strong>The name was altered to Sherlock, possibly because of a cricketer who bore the name. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who created Holmes (of course), was a fan of cricket and the name ‘Sherlock’ appears to have stuck in his memory. Doyle was also a keen cricketer himself, and between 1899 and 1907 he played ten first-class matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club – quite fitting, since Baker Street is situated in the Marylebone district of London. For more on the creation of Holmes, see the detailed ‘Introduction’ in <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes</em>.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://interestingliterature.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sherlock2.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-out; color: #ee4e00; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="sherlock2" class="size-medium wp-image-967 alignleft" height="300" src="http://interestingliterature.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sherlock2.jpg?w=230&h=300" style="border: 0px; display: inline; float: left; height: auto; margin: 6px 1em 1em 0px; max-width: 100%;" width="230" /></a>2. The first Sherlock Holmes novel was something of a flop.</strong> The detective made his debut in the novel <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">A Study in Scarlet</em> (1887), written by a twenty-seven-year-old Doyle in just three weeks. Famously, Doyle was inspired by a real-life lecturer of his at the University of Edinburgh, Dr Joseph Bell, who could diagnose patients simply by looking at them when they walked into his surgery; the other important influence on the creation of Sherlock Holmes was Edgar Allan Poe’s fictional detective, C. Auguste Dupin (for more on this, see <a href="http://interestingliterature.wordpress.com/2013/07/31/edgar-allan-poe-poet-and-prophet/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-out; color: #ee4e00; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; vertical-align: baseline;">our post on Poe’s contribution to detective fiction here</a>). Doyle wrote the book while he was running a struggling doctor’s surgery down in Portsmouth. The novel was rejected by many publishers and eventually published in <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Beeton’s Christmas Annual</em> (named after the husband of Mrs Beeton, of the book of cookery and household management). It didn’t sell well, and more or less sank without trace.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3. The second Sherlock Holmes novel was the result of a dinner party with Oscar Wilde. </strong>One person who had admired the first novel was the editor Joseph Stoddart, who edited <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine</em>. He convinced Doyle, at a dinner party in 1889, to write a second novel featuring the detective, for serialisation in the magazine. Wilde, who was also present, also agreed to write a novel for the magazine – his only novel, <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Picture of Dorian Gray</em>, which appeared in 1890, the same year as <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Sign of the Four</em>, Doyle’s novel.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Sherlock Holmes didn’t wear a deerstalker. Much. </strong>The famous image of Holmes wearing a deerstalker hat is a product of the celebrated images which accompanied the short stories, which appeared in the <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Strand</em> magazine from 1891. It is when the stories began to appear that Sherlock Holmes became a worldwide sensation. Sidney Paget, who drew the illustrations, had Holmes wearing a deerstalker when the detective went into the country to investigate mysteries at country houses and in small rural villages, but most people think of the detective as always donning the hat when off to investigate a case.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Sherlock Holmes is the most-filmed fictional character.</strong> According to IMDb, Holmes has appeared in 226 films and been played by dozens of different actors since the advent of cinema in the late nineteenth century.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6. Sherlock Holmes is <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">not</em> the most-filmed fictional character.</strong> That is, not if you include non-humans (or partial humans). Dracula has been filmed more times than the great sleuth, at 239 times, but since Dracula is part-man, part-vampire, Holmes is the most-filmed fully human character.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://interestingliterature.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sherlock1.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-out; color: #ee4e00; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="sherlock1" class="size-medium wp-image-966 alignright" height="248" src="http://interestingliterature.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sherlock1.jpg?w=300&h=248" style="border: 0px; display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin: 6px 0px 1em 1em; max-width: 100%;" width="300" /></a>7. Sherlock Holmes didn’t make deductions.</strong> At least, not most of the time. Instead, and if we want to be technically accurate, he used the logical process known as abduction. The difference between deductive and abductive reasoning is that the latter is based more on inference from observation, where the conclusion drawn may not always necessarily be true. However, in deduction, the conclusion drawn from the available data is always necessarily true. But then again, since Holmes’s reasoning always seems to be correct, perhaps it <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">is </em>deduction after all!</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8. Holmes never says ‘Elementary, my dear Watson’. </strong>Not in the ‘canon’ of original Conan Doyle novels and stories. Holmes says ‘Elementary!’ and ‘my dear Watson’ at various points, but the idea of putting them together was a later meme, which possibly arose because it neatly conveys Holmes’s effortless superiority to his ‘dear’ friend and foil. The first recorded use of this exact phrase is actually in a P. G. Wodehouse novel of 1915, <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Psmith, Journalist</em>.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9. The Sherlock Holmes Museum both is and isn’t at 221B Baker Street.</strong> Although the museum in London bears the official address ‘221B’, in line with the celebrated address from the stories, the museum’s building lies between 237 and 241 Baker Street, making it physically – if not officially – at number 239.</div>
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<strong style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10. There’s more to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle than Sherlock Holmes.</strong> Much more, in fact. Among other achievements, his legal campaigning led to the establishment of the Court of Criminal Appeal. He was knighted for his journalistic work during the Second Boer War, not for his achievements in fiction, law, or medicine. We owe the word ‘grimpen’ to him (from Grimpen Mire, in <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Hound of the Baskervilles</em>). He wrote historical novels (such as <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The White Company </em>and <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Sir Nigel</em>, set during the fourteenth century) which he prized more highly than his detective fiction. Winston Churchill agreed, and was a devoted fan of the historical novels. Doyle also wrote science fiction romances, such as <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Lost World</em> (1912), which would inspire Michael Crichton’s <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Jurassic Park</em>, and, subsequently, Steven Spielberg’s film (the sequel to the novel and film being named, in homage to Doyle, <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Lost World</em>). Doyle also took up legal causes himself: read Julian Barnes’s novel <em style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Arthur and George</em> for his most famous real-life case.</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-83165610230246786352014-10-09T07:13:00.001-07:002016-01-13T06:36:07.715-08:00Alien Mystery:Mysterious Skulls <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Skulls are humanity’s foremost symbol of death, and a powerful icon in the visual vocabularies of cultures all over the globe.<br />
Many strangely “deformed” hominoid skulls have been discovered in Mexico and Peru. One of them, the Starchild skull found in Mexico, appears to be an alien skull…<br />
Thirteen crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been found in parts of Mexico, Central America and South America, comprising one of the most fascinating subjects of 20th Century archaeology.</div>
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<a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_peru.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-544 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_peru.jpg" data-pin-media="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_peru.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="361" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="skull_peru" width="252" /></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Unusual <a href="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_6.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">Paracas skull</a> supposedly deformed by binding the growing head of an infant. </em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The resulting domed head was considered beautiful.</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Photographed in the Museo Regional de Ica.</em></div>
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<a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_starchild.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-543 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_sc2.jpg" data-pin-media="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_starchild.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="249" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="skull_sc2" width="456" /></a><a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_starchild.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-542 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_starchild.jpg" data-pin-media="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/skull_starchild.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="166" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="skull_starchild" width="463" /></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_6.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">THE STARCHILD SKULL</a> is a genuine 900-year-old bone skull found in Mexico in the 1930s.</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Top: Front view of the Starchild skull (on the left) and the human skull (on the right). Compare striking differences between depth of eye sockets and shape of temporal </em><br />
<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">area just behind outer edges of eyes. Bottom: The Starchild’s brain volume, contained inside a cranium the size of a smallish human’s, is 1600 cc. A normal human skull has a brain volume around 1400 cubic centimeters.</em></div>
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<a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/london_crystal_skull.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-541 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/london_crystal_skull.jpg" data-pin-media="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/london_crystal_skull.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="334" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="london_crystal_skull" width="501" /></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The British <a href="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_6_1.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">Crystal Skull</a>. It is currently residing in the British Museum of Man in London, England,</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">and has been there since 1898. It is a one piece clear quartz full size quartz crystal skull. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmogle/2384283395/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">Image Source</a></span></em></div>
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<a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/atlantean_crystal_skull.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-546 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/atlantean_crystal_skull.jpg" data-pin-media="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/atlantean_crystal_skull.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="376" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="atlantean_crystal_skull" width="500" /></a></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">“Compassion” – Atlantean Crystal Skull</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">A recntly discovered <a href="http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_6_1.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;" target="_blank">Crystal Skull</a> that rivals the Mitchell Hedges Skull. Atlantean is what Maya Shaman and elder Hunbatz Men said when he first examined it at the crystal skull conference on 9/9/9. This skull was in a warehouse in Africa for 22 years and then 7 years in storage in an import store. It is human size and it has the removable jaw. It is the same dimensions as the Mitchell Hedges Skull with some added features.</em></div>
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Crystal Skull found in Berlin</h3>
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We would like to show this outstanding crystal skull, full of energy and power.<br />
If you look at it you see the “whole universe” in it.</div>
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The head looks very alien and is made out of an piece rock crystal.<br />
The crystal skull is 7 x 12 x 7 cm.</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-615 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Crystal9_ed.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="334" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Crystal9_ed" width="501" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-617 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Crystal2_ed.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="333" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Crystal2_ed" width="500" /><br />
It looks very antique and highest quality handmade. The head was restored in former times. It bears a writing of a collection “Inv. 23.J(T?) 1917 A v Bode”.</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-616 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Crystal4_ed.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/strange-skulls/" height="676" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Crystal4_ed" width="501" /></div>
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The whole object is definitely old and could be in the private collection of Arnold Wilhelm von Bode, the famous German museum<br />
director.</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-34836032267587786922014-10-09T06:44:00.003-07:002016-01-13T06:37:41.210-08:00Alien Mystery:Scientist search for alien artifacts in moon!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">Searching for alien artifacts on the moon</span></em></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Volunteers are being recruited to help look through thousands of images of the moon’s surface to look for any sign that aliens might have been there.</span></span></h3>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Physicists Paul Davies and Robert Wagner</span> have <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">proposed a search for alien evidence on the surface of the moon by studying in detail thousands of photographs taken by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.</span> “If it costs little to scan data for signs of intelligent manipulation, little is lost in doing so, even though the probability of detecting alien technology at work may be exceedingly low,” they said.</em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter wp-image-1192 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/GPN-2000-001486s.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unbelievable/scientists-look-for-aliens-on-the-moon/" height="592" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001486s" width="590" /></span></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Image courtesy of NASA</em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)</span> has a low probability of success, but it would have a high impact if successful. Therefore <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">it makes sense to widen the search as much as possible</span> within the confines of the modest budget and limited resources currently available. <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">To date, SETI has been dominated by the paradigm of seeking deliberately beamed radio messages.</span></div>
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However,<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> indirect evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence could come from any incontrovertible signatures of non-human technology.</span></div>
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Existing searchable databases from astronomy, biology, earth and planetary sciences all offer low-cost opportunities to <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">seek a footprint of extraterrestrial technology</span>.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">In this paper we take as a case study one particular new and rapidly-expanding database: the photographic mapping of the Moon’s surface by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) to 0.5 m resolution.</span></div>
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Although <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">there is only a tiny probability that alien technology would have left traces on the moon in the form of an artifact or surface modification of lunar features, this location has the virtue of being close, and of preserving traces for an immense duration.</span></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1193 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/GPN-2000-001128s.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unbelievable/scientists-look-for-aliens-on-the-moon/" height="590" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001128s" width="590" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Image courtesy of NASA</em></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1190 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/GPN-2000-001485s.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unbelievable/scientists-look-for-aliens-on-the-moon/" height="590" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001485s" width="590" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Image courtesy of NASA</em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Systematic scrutiny of the LRO photographic images is being routinely conducted anyway for planetary science purposes</span>, and <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">this program could readily be expanded and outsourced at little extra cost to accommodate SETI goals</span>, after the fashion of the SETI@home and Galaxy Zoo projects.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Highlights</span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Alien civilizations may have sent probes to our region of the galaxy.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Any mission to the solar system would probably have occurred a very long time ago.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">The lunar environment could preserve artifacts for millions of years.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter provides a photographic database to search for artifacts.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Searching the LRO database would make an excellent educational project.</li>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-4302308868475370562014-10-09T06:27:00.001-07:002014-10-09T06:27:20.502-07:00Robert Downey Jr. Confirms Sherlock Holmes 3 Is Happening, Reveals He's a Fan of Benedict Cumberbatch <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img alt="Sherlock Holmes, Jude Law, Robert Downey Jr." border="0" height="415" src="http://www.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201434/rs_560x415-140404142534-1024.robert-downey-jr-sherlock-holmes.ls.4414.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; float: none;" title="Sherlock Holmes, Jude Law, Robert Downey Jr." width="560" /><span class="photo_credit" style="clear: both; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 5px 0px 0px;">Warner Bros. Pictures</span></div>
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<strong><a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/robert_downey_jr" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;">Robert Downey Jr.</a></strong> may have <a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/586425/robert-downey-jr-now-says-iron-man-4-isn-t-happening-i-m-going-to-do-other-stuff-with-marvel" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank">backtracked</a> on the idea that he's willing to do <em>Iron Man 4</em>(sorry, Tony Stark fans!), but it looks like he's serious about this one.</div>
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The actor participated in the ever-so-popular <a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/movies/comments/2iesg8/robert_downey_jr_ama_oct_7_1230pm_edt_in_riama/" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank">Reddit AMA</a> yesterday to promote his upcoming film <em>The Judge</em>, and to answer a number of fans' burning questions—like are we ever going to see a <em>Sherlock Holmes 3</em> or what?!</div>
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"Yes, we have a <em>Sherlock 3</em> in development. We want it to be the best of the series, so that's a pretty tall order," RDJ answered, "<em>Also,</em> Perry Mason is a property I'm looking forward to developing further, going back to the 1931 book series…similarly to what we did with the first 2 Sherlocks, mining the original material for things that are 'new.'"</div>
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This seems to be right in line with what his co-star <strong><a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/jude_law" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;">Jude Law</a></strong> <a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/477647/jude-law-hints-sherlock-holmes-3-is-in-the-works" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank">hinted at late last year</a>. "We had a meeting earlier this year, the three of us, and I think it's being written now," Law told<a href="http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a527468/jude-law-offers-an-update-on-guy-ritchies-sherlock-holmes-3.html" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank">Digital Spy</a> in 2013 of <em>Sherlock 3</em>. "Warner Bros. have still got to agree to pay for it…I think they want to!"</div>
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<a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/586425/robert-downey-jr-now-says-iron-man-4-isn-t-happening-i-m-going-to-do-other-stuff-with-marvel" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank"><strong>WATCH: Robert Downey Jr. tells David Letterman <em>Iron Man 4</em> isn't happening</strong></a></div>
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<img alt="Benedict Cumberbatch, Martin Freeman, Sherlock" border="0" height="415" src="http://www.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201303/reg_1024.Sherlock.Cumberbatch.mh.010313.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; float: none;" title="Benedict Cumberbatch, Martin Freeman, Sherlock" width="560" /><span class="photo_credit" style="clear: both; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 5px 0px 0px;">BBC</span></div>
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Speaking of the crime drama, Downey couldn't help but give credit where credit is due, and praised his fellow thesp <strong><a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/benedict_cumberbatch" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;">Benedict Cumberbatch</a></strong>, who also plays the same role for the BBC series. "Very impressed with Benedict," he wrote. "Such smart writing on that show. I have screen envy."</div>
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Because of his back-and-forth with <em>Iron Man</em>, RDJ was asked about the film and his recent remarks to Deadline, where he hinted that he'd consider doing another installment of the popular franchise if his pal <strong><a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/mel_gibson" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;">Mel Gibson</a></strong> directed it. He explained, "It was an offhanded remark to a journalist and friend. I have other projects in mind for Mel and I."</div>
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He also <a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/586425/robert-downey-jr-now-says-iron-man-4-isn-t-happening-i-m-going-to-do-other-stuff-with-marvel" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank">discussed the matter</a> in more detail with <strong><a href="http://www.eonline.com/news/david_letterman" style="color: #00b1dd; text-decoration: none !important;">David Letterman</a></strong> last night. "There [are] no plans for an <em>Iron Man 4</em>," he revealed. Asked why not, the 49-year-old star said, "That's a valid question. Like it hasn't made enough money? Yeah, I guess they have too much money or something. There is no script for <em>Iron Man 4</em>. They do have a plan and I think they're going to announce it [soon]."</div>
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But when asked, yet again, if <em>Iron Man 4</em> is a possibility, RDJ responded, "Just between us, no. But I'm going to do other stuff with Marvel. I'm still going to be involved with Marvel and there's going to be plenty of fun stuff to happen."</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-41483321220112979302014-10-09T06:02:00.000-07:002014-10-09T06:02:01.947-07:00What makes a woman beautiful?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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There are many beautiful women but only a select few have something magical that makes them rise above the rest.</div>
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What makes a woman beautiful?</div>
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Perhaps some answers can be found within these relevant quotes* about beauty:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. — Margaret Wolfe Hungerford</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">Beauty is not real. Beauty only exists in perception. — Unknown</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">How beautiful you are, now that you love me. — Marlene Dietrich</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">Beauty is all very well at first sight; but who ever looks at it when it has been in the house three days? — George Bernard Shaw</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">Beauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart. — Khalil Gibran</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">It’s beauty that captures your attention; personality which captures your heart. — Anonymous</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: decimal;">The recipe for beauty is to have less illusion and more Soul, to retreat from the belief of pain or pleasure in the body into the unchanging calm and glorious freedom of spiritual harmony. –Mary Baker Eddy</li>
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Here are pictures of just few (of many) women considered to be the most beautiful (by popular opinion):</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-362 pib-hover-img" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/people/what-makes-a-woman-beautiful/" height="512" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/aishwarya-rai-bachchan.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="aishwarya-rai-bachchan" width="369" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">A true “classic” beauty from India: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, an Indian actress and former Miss World.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-381 pib-hover-img" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/people/what-makes-a-woman-beautiful/" height="589" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/angelina-jolie-ce-661x1024.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="angelina-jolie-ce" width="381" /></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">American beauty: Angelina Jolie. She has been cited as one of the world’s most attractive people, as well as the world’s “most beautiful” woman, titles for which she has received substantial media attention.</em></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-366 pib-hover-img" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/people/what-makes-a-woman-beautiful/" height="553" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Jessica-Alba-2.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Jessica Alba" width="380" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Jessica Alba is considered a sex symbol and often generates media attention for her looks. She appears frequently on the “Hot 100″ section of Maxim and was voted number one on AskMen.com’s list of “99 Most Desirable Women” in 2006, as well as “Sexiest Woman in the World” by FHM in 2007.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-369 pib-hover-img" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/people/what-makes-a-woman-beautiful/" height="296" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/halle-berry.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="halle-berry" width="395" /></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Halle Berry, an American actress, former fashion model, and beauty queen.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-373 pib-hover-img" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/people/what-makes-a-woman-beautiful/" height="581" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Zhang-Ziyi-707x1024.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Zhang Ziyi" width="409" /></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Zhang Ziyi, a Chinese film actress. Zhang is coined by the media as one of the “Four Young Dan” actresses in the Film Industry in China, along with Zhao Wei, Xu Jinglei, and Zhou Xun.</em></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-12991862271814108402014-10-09T05:44:00.001-07:002016-01-13T06:38:46.027-08:00Alien Mystery:The Shroud Of Turin- Jesus Christ's burial cloth?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Mystery of the Shroud of Turin</h2>
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The Shroud of Turin is reputedly Christ’s burial cloth. It has been a religious relic since the Middle Ages. To believers it was divine proof the Christ was resurrected from the grave, to doubters it was evidence of human gullibility and one of the greatest hoaxes in the history of art. No one has been able to prove that it is the burial cloth of Jesus of Nazareth, but its haunting image of a man’s wounded body is proof enough for true believers.</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-552 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/sar_2hf11.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="317" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="sar_2hf11" width="414" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">This sixteenthcentury painting by Giovanni Battista shows how the body could have been wrapped in a burial shroud in a position that would match the image on the Shroud of Turin.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-554 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/shroudofTurin.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="640" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="shroudofTurin" width="429" />Photo of the Shroud of Turin. </em><br />
<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Source of this image: www.wikipedia.org</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/sar_2jfr.jpg" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-553 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/sar_2jfr.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="470" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="sar_2jfr" width="372" /></a></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">COPYRIGHT 1931 GIUSEPPE ENRIE</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-555 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/shroud_sml1.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="400" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="shroud_sml1" width="294" /></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Negative of the face from the shroud</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-556 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/sar_2JC3D.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="275" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="sar_2JC3D" width="387" /></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Three-dimensional relief of the Shroud face after smoothing of rough transitions<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />with a recursive filter.The computer showed us what the face of Jesus Christ probably<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />looked like before the Passion or after Resurrection, through an electronic cleaning<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />of the blood and wounds which provides the almost natural images of the face<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Source: <a href="http://www.shroud.com/meacham2.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e8554e; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">http://www.shroud.com/meacham2.htm</a></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-557 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/nasa_jesus.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/the-shroud-of-turin/" height="439" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="nasa_jesus" width="291" /></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Here is an artistic impression of what the face matching the image from the shroud might have looked like.</em></div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-19915632281629948542014-10-09T05:32:00.000-07:002016-01-13T06:39:32.153-08:00Alien Mystery: The Moon Landing Conspiracy-Did they really reach moon?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Different Moon landing conspiracy theories claim that <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA and members of other organizations.</span> Various groups and individuals have made such conspiracy claims since the end of the Apollo program in 1975. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The most notable claim is that the six manned landings (1969–1972) were faked and that the Apollo astronauts did not walk on the Moon.</span> The conspiracy theorists (henceforth conspiracists) argue that <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">NASA and others knowingly misled the public into believing the landings happened by manufacturing, destroying, or tampering with evidence; including photos, telemetry tapes, transmissions, rock samples, and even some key witnesses.</span></div>
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There is much third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings and detailed rebuttals to the hoax claims,including photos taken by more recent spacecraft of the moon landing sites.However, polls taken in various locations have shown that between 6% and 20% of Americans surveyed believe that the manned landings were faked, rising to 28% in Russia.</div>
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<img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-770 alignleft pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/moon_hoax_icn.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="200" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0px 24px 24px 0px; max-width: 100%;" title="moon_hoax_icn" width="240" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-769 title=" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/LM_Rover_icn.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="200" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="240" /></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Note: All Images on this page: Curtsey of NASA. Copyright NASA</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Origins</span></h2>
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The first book about the subject, Bill Kaysing’s self-published <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">We Never Went to the Moon: America’s Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle</em></span>, was released in 1974, two years after the Apollo Moon flights had ended. The Flat Earth Society was one of the first organizations to accuse NASA of faking the landings, arguing that they were staged by Hollywood with Walt Disney sponsorship, based on a script by Arthur C. Clarke and directed by Stanley Kubrick. Folklorist Linda Degh suggests that writer-director Peter Hyams’s 1978 film<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Capricorn One</span></em>, which depicts a hoaxed journey to Mars in a spacecraft that looks identical to the Apollo craft, may have given a boost to the hoax theory’s popularity in the post-Vietnam War era. She notes that this happened during the post-Watergate era, when American citizens were inclined to distrust official accounts. Degh writes: “The mass media catapult these half-truths into a kind of twilight zone where people can make their guesses sound as truths. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Mass media have a terrible impact on people who lack guidance”</span>. In <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">A Man on the Moon,</span></em> published in 1994, Andrew Chaikin mentions that at the time of Apollo 8’s lunar-orbit mission in December 1968, similar conspiracy ideas were already in circulation.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Claimed motives of the United States and NASA</span></h2>
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Those who believe the landings were faked give several theories about the motives of NASA and the United States government. The three main theories are below.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Space Race</span></h3>
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The US government deemed it vital that it win the Space Race against the Soviet Union. Going to the Moon would be risky and expensive, as exemplified by John F. Kennedy famously stating that the United States chose to go because it was hard.</div>
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A main reason for the race to the Moon was the Cold War. Philip Plait states in Bad Astronomy that the Soviets—with their own competing Moon program and a formidable scientific community able to analyze NASA data—would have cried foul if the United States tried to fake a Moon landing, especially since their own program had failed. Proving a hoax would have been a huge propaganda win for the Soviets. Bart Sibrel responded, “the Soviets did not have the capability to track deep spacecraft until late in 1972, immediately after which, the last three Apollo missions were suddenly canceled.”</div>
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However, the Soviets had been sending unmanned spacecraft to the Moon since 1959, and “during 1962, deep space tracking facilities were introduced at IP-15 in Ussuriisk and IP-16 in Evpatoria, while Saturn communication stations were added to IP-3, 4 and 14″, the latter having a 100 million km range. The Soviet Union tracked the Apollo missions at the Space Transmissions Corps, which was “fully equipped with the latest intelligence-gathering and surveillance equipment”. Vasily Mishin, in an interview for the article “The Moon Programme That Faltered” (Spaceflight, March 1991, vol. 33, 2-3), describes how the Soviet Moon program dwindled after the Apollo landings.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Funding</span></h3>
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It is claimed that NASA faked the landings to forgo humiliation and to ensure that it continued to get funding. NASA raised about US$30 billion to go to the Moon, and Bill Kaysing claims that this could have been used to “pay off” many people.[23] Since most conspiracists believe that sending men to the Moon was impossible at the time, they argue that landings had to be faked to fulfill President Kennedy’s 1961 promise: “achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth”.[16] Others have claimed that, with all the known and unknown hazards,[24] NASA would not have risked the public humiliation of astronauts crashing to their deaths on the lunar surface, broadcast on live TV.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Vietnam War</span></h3>
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It is claimed that the landings helped the US government because they were a popular distraction from the Vietnam War; and so manned landings suddenly ended about the same time that the US ended its role in the Vietnam War.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> Moon Landing Hoax Claims</span></h2>
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Main Categories of the Moon Landing Hoax claims</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Number of people involved</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Photograph and film oddities</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Environment</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Mechanical issues</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Transmissions</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Missing data:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Tapes<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Blueprints</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Technology</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Deaths of NASA personnel</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Stanley Kubrick involvement</li>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Primary source of this post: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />All Images Curtsey of NASA</em></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A Small Selection of the Apollo Program Photos…</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Can you spot any oddities?</span></h3>
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Conspiracists devote much of their efforts to examining NASA photos. They point to oddities in photographs and films taken on the Moon. Photography experts (even those unrelated to NASA) answer that the oddities are what one would expect from a real Moon landing, and not what would happen with tweaked or studio imagery.</div>
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Example:</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-790 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001306-sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="512" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001306-sm" width="500" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">It seems the moving Rover does not leave any tracks behind (see close-ups below)…</em></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-788 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001306sma.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="283" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001306sma" width="500" /><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-789 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001306_bsm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="323" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001306_bsm" width="500" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001116-sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="505" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001116-sm" width="500" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"></em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">No tracks before and after the wheel?</em></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-793 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001116sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="365" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001116sm" width="500" /></div>
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Conspiracists devote much of their efforts to examining NASA photos. They point to oddities in photographs and films taken on the Moon. Photography experts (even those unrelated to NASA) answer that the oddities are what one would expect from a real Moon landing, and not what would happen with tweaked or studio imagery.</div>
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The LM left no trace of landing (we would expect a small crater blasted by the landing engine):</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Apollo11_under_LM-sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="505" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Apollo11_under_LM-sm" width="500" /></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Strange “Trail” on the Moon:</em></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-791 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001486_unexplained.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="502" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001486_unexplained" width="500" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-796 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001484sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="500" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001484sm" width="500" /></div>
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Is anything wrong with these photos?</h3>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-795 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/GPN-2000-001428sm.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="500" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="GPN-2000-001428sm" width="500" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-785 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Aldrin_Apollo_11_original-s.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="505" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Aldrin_Apollo_11_original-s" width="500" /><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-783 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="500" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving" width="500" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-782 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Apollo_15_with_lunar_rover-.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="503" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Apollo_15_with_lunar_rover-" width="500" /><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-779 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Apollo_11_Lunar_Laser_Rangi.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="505" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Apollo_11_Lunar_Laser_Rangi" width="500" /><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-786 pib-hover-img" src="http://digitalphotopix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Duke_on_the_Descartes_GPN-2.jpg" data-pin-url="http://digitalphotopix.com/unexplained/moon-landing-conspiracy/" height="517" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 24px; max-width: 100%;" title="Duke_on_the_Descartes_GPN-2" width="500" />We think not…</em></h3>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">To find out more about the Moon Landing Conspiracy Theories (and debunking) please visit the links below (it is fascinating material):</span></div>
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Links</h2>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories</li>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889865934846440626.post-18163673764130003542014-10-09T05:10:00.003-07:002014-10-09T05:10:50.070-07:00Alien Mystery:The Aztec calendar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The photograph to the right is<i><b> the Aztec Calendar</b></i>, on display at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico City, Mexico. The original object is a 12 feet, massive stone slab, carved in the middle of the 15th century. Many renditions of it exist and have existed through the years and throughout Mexico.</div>
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<b> Aztec Calendar </b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Introduction" style="font-size: 12pt;">Introduction</a></h3>
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The graphic image below shows the Aztec Calendar, on display at the<i>Museo Nacional de Antropologia </i>in Mexico City, Mexico. The original object is a 12 feet, massive stone slab, carved in the middle of the 15th century. Many renditions of it exist and have existed through the years and throughout Mexico.</div>
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Historically, the Aztec name for the huge basaltic monolith is Cuauhxicalli Eagle Bowl, but it is universally known as the Aztec Calendar or Sun Stone.<br />It was during the reign of the 6th Aztec monarch in 1479 that this stone was carved and dedicated to the principal Aztec deity: the sun. The stone has both mythological and astronomical significance. It weighs almost 25 tons, has a diameter of just under 12 feet, and a thickness of 3 feet.<br />On December 17th, 1760 the stone was discovered, buried in the "Zocalo" (the main square) of Mexico City. The viceroy of New Spain at the time was don Joaquin de Monserrat, Marquis of Cruillas. Afterwards it was embedded in the wall of the Western tower of the metropolitan Cathedral, where it remained until 1885. At that time it was transferred to the national Museum of Archaeology and History by order of the then President of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz.</div>
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AZTEC VS. MAYAN CALEDARS</h3>
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The Aztec Calendar was basically similar to that of the Maya. The ritual day cycle was called Tonalpohualli and was formed, as was the Mayan Tzolkin, by the concurrence of a cycle of numerals 1 through 13 with a cycle of 20 day names, many of them similar to the day names of the Maya.</div>
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Where the Aztec differed most significantly from the Maya was in their more primitive number system and in their less precise way of recording dates. Normally, they noted only the day on which an event occurred and the name of the current year. This is ambiguous, since the same day, as designated in the way mentioned above, can occur twice in a year. Moreover, years of the same name recur at 52-year intervals, and Spanish colonial annals often disagree as to the length of time between two events. Other discrepancies in the records are only partially explained by the fact that different towns started their year with different months. The most widely accepted correlation of the calendar of Tenochtitlan with the Christian Julian calendar is based on the entrance of Cortez into that city on November 8, 1519, and on the surrender of Cuauhtzmoc on August 13, 1521. According to this correlation, the first date was a day 8 Wind, the ninth day of the month Quecholli, in a year 1 Reed, the 13th year of a cycle.</div>
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The Mexicans, as all other Meso-Americans, believed in the periodic destruction and re-creation of the world. The "Calendar Stone" in the Museo Nacional de Antropologia (National Museum of Anthropology) in Mexico City depicts in its central panel the date 4 Ollin (movement), on which they anticipated that their current world would be destroyed by earthquake, and within it the dates of previous holocausts: 4 Tiger, 4 Wind, 4 Rain, and 4 Water.</div>
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The Aztec calendar kept two different aspects of time; tonalpohualli and xiuhpohualli. Each of these systems had a different purpose.</div>
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The tonalpohualli was the 'counting of days.' It originated by ancient peoples observing that the sun, crossed a certain zenith point near the Mayan city of Copan, every 260 days. So this first system is arranged in a 260-day cycle. These 260 days were then broken up into 20 periods, with each period containing 13 days, called trecenas. Each period was given the name of something that was then shown by a hieroglyphic sign, and each trecena was given a number 1-13. Each trecena is also thought to have a god or deity presiding over each of the trecena. They kept these counts in tonalamatls, screenfold books made from bark paper.</div>
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The Aztecs used this as a religious calendar. Priests used the calendar to determine luck days for such activities as sowing crops, building houses, and going to war.</div>
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The xiuhpohualli was the 'counting of the years.' This calendar was kept on a 365-day solar count. This was also the agricultural and ceremonial calendar of the Aztec state. It was divided into 18 periods, with each period containing 20 days, called veintenas. This left five days that were not represented. These were called "nemontemi." These were the five transition days between the old and the new year, and were considered days of nothing. This was a time of festivals. People came to the festivals with their best clothes on, and took part in singing and dancing. This is also when the priest would preform sacrifices, most of these sacrifices were human, but others were preformed on animals and fruit.</div>
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The solar year was the basis for the civil calendar by which the Mexicas (Aztecs) determined the myriad ceremonies and rituals linked to agricultural cycles. The calendar was made up of 18 months, each lasting 20 days. The months were divided into four five-day weeks. The year was rounded out to 365 days by the addition of the five-day nemontemi (empty days), an omnious period marked by the cessation of normal activities and general abstinence. The correlation of dates in the Gregorian calendar is uncertain, although most authors on the subject affix the beginning of the Aztec year to early Febuary. A variety of sources were consulted in developing the following chart of some of the ritualistic activities associated with each month.</div>
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Many of the Aztecs' religious ceremonies, including frequent human sacrifices, were performed at the Great Temple, located in the center of their capital city of Tenochtitlan.</div>
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Every 52 years the tonalpohualli and the xiuhpohualli calendars would align. This marked what was known as a mesoamerican "century." Every one of these centuries was marked by xiuhmolpilli - Binding Up of the Years or the New Fire Ceremony.</div>
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This was a festival that lasted 12 days and included fasting as a symbol of penitence. At the beginning of this festival all the lights in the city were extinguished - people let their hearth fires go out.</div>
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Then on midnight of the 12th day of the festival, a prisoner was taken to the priest. The priest would watch in the night sky for the star of fire to reach the zenith. Once it did, the priest would remove the heart of this man, and replace it with a piece of wood, that was laid on a piece of turquoise. This is where the priest would start the new fire that would once again light the city.</div>
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The tonalpohualli (count of days) was the sacred almanac of the Mexicas. This ritual calendar was registered in the tonalamatl (book of days), a green-fold bark paper or deerskin codex from which a priest (called tonalpouque) cast horoscopes and predicated favorable and unfavorable days of the cycle. The almanac year comprised of 260 days, each of which was assigned a date by intermeshing one of 20 day-signs, represented graphically with a gylph, and a number from 1 to13, represented by dots so that no two days in the cycle could be confused. The almanac year was thus made up of 20 13-day weeks, with the first week beginning on 1-Crocodile and ending on 13-Reed, the second week running from 1-Ocelot to 13-Deaths' Head and so on. A god or goddess was believed to preside over each day-sign.</div>
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Sreeramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14846503292010861148noreply@blogger.com0